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     INTERNET DRAFT                                     J. Cohen, Microsoft 
                                                     S. Aggarwal, Microsoft 
     <draft-cohen-gena-p-base-01.txt>               Y. Y. Goland, Microsoft 
     Expires April, 2000                                  September 6, 2000 
            General Event Notification Architecture Base: Client to Arbiter 
     Status of this memo 
        This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with all 
        provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026. 
        Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task 
        Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that other 
        groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. 
        Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months 
        and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any 
        time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet- Drafts as reference 
        material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." 
        The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at 
        http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt 
     The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at 
     http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. 
        Please send comments to the SSDP mailing list. Subscription information 
        for the SSDP mailing list is available at 
        http://www.upnp.org/resources/ssdpmail.htm. 
     Abstract 
        This document provides for the ability to send and receive 
        notifications using HTTP over TCP/IP and administratively scoped 
        unreliable multicast UDP. Provisions are made for the use of 
        intermediary arbiters, called subscription arbiters, which handle 
        routing notifications to their intended destination. 
     1  Introduction 
        This document provides for the sending of HTTP Notifications using 
        administratively scoped unreliable Multicast UDP. Multicast UDP is 
        useful in that it allows a single notification to be delivered to a 
        potentially large group of recipients using only a single request. 
        However administrative scoped unreliable Multicast UDP suffers from a 
        number of problems including: how to route it, how to handle 
        firewalling and how to deal with multiple scopes. This document only 
        addresses the use of Multicast UDP within a single administrative scope 
        and only countenances its use for scenarios where there is no 
        notification proxy. 
        In order to allow for notifications to be distributed beyond a single 
        administrative multicast scope it is necessary to provide for relaying 
     Cohen et al.                                                  [Page 1] 
     INTERNET-DRAFT                GENA Base             September 6, 2000 
        arbiters. These arbiters, called subscription arbiters, are able to 
        form, through an unspecified mechanism, relationships with other 
        subscription arbiters in order to distribute notifications. This allows 
        a client to send a single HTTP notification to its subscription arbiter 
        and have that notification forwarded on to one or more recipients. It 
        is the subscription arbiter, not the client, who is responsible for 
        maintaining the list of potential recipients and distributing 
        notifications to those recipients. 
        In order for subscription arbiters to know to whom to distribute 
        notifications clients who wish to receive notifications, known as 
        subscribers, must subscribe to the subscription arbiter. 
     2  Changes 
     2.1 Since V00 
        [Ed. Note: Aren’t there times when the service needs to hear the 
        subscriptions? When the identity of the subscriber will effect the 
        output? Of course… Notification identifiers must be explicit in the 
        notification, not implicit as a function of the address.] 
        [Ed. Note: We need to look into adding support for sequence numbers on 
        events, this is needed for things like UPnP. If this doesn't end up 
        effecting how the arbiter works then we should put it into a separate 
        draft.] 
        [Talk about the scope header having values other than the URL of the 
        resource, we are using the UPnP example where you would put the USN 
        value into the scope. Everyone needs to pay attention to the scope 
        header!!!!] 
        [Add a note that if no Scope header is included then the default is to 
        treat the Request-URI as the scope.] 
        [What do you do if someone subscribes to something they are already 
        subscribed to? The question is tricky because, short of using 
        authentication, you don’t know who “someone” is and even then, because 
        multiple programs may be running, you can’t be sure if you are really 
        talking to the same person. My instinct would be to just give them a 
        second parallel subscription.] 
        [Think REALLY hard about allowing for multiple values in a NT header] 
     3  Definitions 
     3.1 Event 
        Any occurrence that may potentially trigger a notification.   
     3.2 Subscription 
        An established relationship in which a resource has indicated interest 
        in receiving certain notifications. 
     3.3 Subscriber 
        A resource that negotiates a subscription with a subscription arbiter. 
     Cohen et al.                                                  [Page 2] 
     INTERNET-DRAFT                GENA Base             September 6, 2000 
     3.4 Implied Subscriber 
        A resource that did not negotiate a subscription with a subscription 
        arbiter but will still be notified of events on that arbiter. 
     3.5 Notifying Resource 
        A resource that issues notifications, for example, a subscription 
        arbiter. 
     3.6 Subscription Arbiter 
        A resource that accepts subscriptions, receives notifications and 
        forwards those notifications to its subscribers. 
     3.7 Notification 
        A message sent by a notifying resource to provide notification of an 
        event. 
     3.8 Notification Type 
        A mechanism to classify notifications into categories. This allows 
        subscribers to specify exactly what class of notifications they want to 
        receive. It also allows notifying resources to specify what class of 
        notification they are sending out. 
        Notification types do not necessarily identify a single event but 
        rather identify a group of related notifications. The notification sub-
        type is used to specify a particular event. 
     3.9 Notification Sub-Type 
        Identification of a particular event within a notification type. 
        For example, the fictional notification of type home:doors may contain 
        notification sub-types such as door:open, close:door, etc.  
        There is no requirement that the URI identifying the notification type 
        and the URI identifying the notification sub-type have a syntactic 
        relationship, only a semantic one. 
     3.10 Subscription ID 
        A unique identifier for a subscription. Subscription Ids MUST be URIs 
        and MUST be unique across all subscriptions across all resources for 
        all time. 
     3.11 Scope 
        Scopes are used in a subscription to indicate the notifying resource 
        the subscriber is interested in. 
     Cohen et al.                                                  [Page 3] 
     INTERNET-DRAFT                GENA Base             September 6, 2000 
     4  Notification Model 
        [Ed. Note: Aren’t there times when the service needs to hear the 
        subscriptions? When the identity of the subscriber will effect the 
        output? Of course… Notification identifiers must be explicit in the 
        notification, not implicit as a function of the address.] 
        [Ed. Note: We need to look into adding support for sequence numbers on 
        events, this is needed for things like UPnP. If this doesn't end up 
        effecting how the arbiter works then we should put it into a separate 
        draft.] 
        The notification model for GENA is based on the following picture: 
        [Subscriber] <- [1+ Subscription Arbiters] <- [Notifying Resource] 
            Notification Request         Notification Request 
                     -> 
            Subscription Request 
        Subscribers send subscription requests to their subscription arbiter. 
        The arbiter will then forward to the subscriber any notifications it 
        receives which match the subscriber's subscription. 
        Notifying resources send notifications to their subscription arbiter to 
        be passed on to subscribers. 
        Subscription arbiters communicate with each other in order to pass 
        along notifications and subscriptions. Subscription arbiter to 
        subscription arbiter communication is out of scope for this 
        specification. 
        For the purposes of this protocol all communication is between 
        subscribers/notifying resources and their subscription arbiter. This 
        does not preclude direct communication between a subscriber and a 
        notifying resource. Rather it means that the notifying resource is 
        acting as a subscription arbiter. 
        This document also deals with a degenerate case where no subscription 
        arbiter is available but administratively scoped unreliable multicast 
        UDP facilities are. In that case provisions are made to allow a 
        notifying resource to send its notifications directly to a previously 
        agreed upon administratively scoped multicast UDP address where 
        interested resources can listen in to the notification. 
     4.1 Sending HTTP Notifications through a Subscription Arbiter 
        A notifying resource finds its subscription arbiter through an 
        unspecified mechanism. The notifying resource will send all of its 
        notifications to the subscription arbiter who will then forward those 
        subscriptions on to subscribers. 
     Cohen et al.                                                  [Page 4] 
     INTERNET-DRAFT                GENA Base             September 6, 2000 
        This document does not provide a mechanism by which the notifying 
        resource can retrieve information about which resources have subscribed 
        to receive notifications from the notifying resource.  
     4.2 Receiving HTTP Notifications through a Subscription Arbiter 
        A subscribing resource finds its subscription arbiter through an 
        unspecified mechanism. It is the responsibility of the subscribing 
        resource to send subscription requests to the subscription arbiter in 
        order to inform the arbiter as to which notifications the subscriber 
        would like to receive. 
        A subscription request can be thought of as a persistent search filter 
        on the set of notifications that the subscription arbiter is aware of. 
        Whenever the subscription arbiter receives a notification that matches 
        the search filter it will forward the notification to the subscriber. 
        This document defines a very basic search filter that allows a 
        subscribing resource to specify a particular resource and a type of 
        notification the subscribing resource is interested in. Whenever a 
        notification of the specified type is made by the specified resource 
        the subscription arbiter will forward the notification to the 
        subscriber. 
     5  Subscription Arbiters and Forwarded Notifications 
        When forwarding a notification the subscription arbiter will change the 
        Request-URI and the Host header value to match the subscriber who is to 
        be notified. Subscription arbiters MUST NOT make any other changes to 
        be made to the message unless the definition of the header or body 
        element specifically provides for such alteration and/or for security 
        reasons. 
     6  Stuff 
          In the case where a subscriber sends a subscription request to an 
        arbiter: Is it OK if the arbiter rejects subscription requests that 
        don't match certain notification type criteria? or should the arbiter 
        be totally unaware of any notification types at this point? 
          In the case where a notifying resource sends a notify request to an 
        arbiter: Is it OK if the arbiter rejects notification requests that 
        don't match certain notification type criteria? or should the arbiter 
        just accept the notification request and filter the available 
        subscriptions taking the notification type as criteria? 
        In the hypothetical case where the arbiter just accepted subscriptions 
        of certain types, could an arbiter just be dedicated to one 
        subscription type? If the previous statement was affirmative then the 
        existence of a notification type for that particular arbiter wouldn't  
        even make sense right? 
        We need to discuss the implicit relationship between an arbiter and its 
        subscribers, all the unstated assumptions. 
     Cohen et al.                                                  [Page 5] 
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        The subscription server may not necessarily have been the one who 
        created a SID, it could have been the service who is using the 
        subscription server to do replication. In that case a subscription 
        request could come in with a SID on it, a ref-counted SID. But this bug 
        me because a SID indicates a relationship. How does one change one’s 
        call back for a SID? Especially if you want to send in the change 
        command from somewhere other than the place receiving the notification 
        so you can’t just check the address on the packet. Do we need tow types 
        of SIDs? I don’t just want to overload NT. I think NT and NTS should be 
        left alone to just give notification type. They shouldn’t be overloaded 
        to also provide functional information… functional is the wrong word. 
        They shouldn’t be overloaded to provide routing information. 
        Event type. 
        Event Sub-type. 
        Event group (if any). 
        Individual subscription. 
        The problem is that the last two are not always both necessary. For 
        example, an individual subscription ID is not necessary if the events 
        are only sent to a multicast group. Additionally the event group ID 
        isn’t necessary if the event only goes to a single end point. 
        Maybe we need an end point identifier? We need a way to say “Stop 
        sending the events to this call-back, send it to this other call-back.” 
        THIS ISN’T GOOD ENOUGH. What if two programs are both at the same call-
        back? You need ref counting. 
        I guess what I’m trying to avoid is implicit ref-counting, I would 
        rather have explicit ref-counting. That is, I would like the ref count 
        to be included in each request in the person of an ID that is unique to 
        every listener, this is independent of call-back address. 
        Make sure that if you leave off the NT then this means you want to 
        receive all notifications from the identified scope. 
        Also make sure that we can use scope as a selector for video streams on 
        a video server. 
        We need to add a “connect and flood” mechanism such that if you connect 
        to a certain TCP port you will get events. There is no 
        subscribe/unsubscribe. We also need to discuss this feature for 
        multicasting. If you cut the connection then you won’t get any more 
        events. 
     7  NOTIFY HTTP Method 
        The NOTIFY method is used to transmit a notification. The Request-URI 
        of the notification method is the notifying resource's subscription 
        arbiter who will handle forwarding the message to interested 
        subscribers.  
        The NOTIFY method may be sent using unreliable administrative scoped 
        multicast UDP as specified in [HTTPMU]. In such a case the multicast 
     Cohen et al.                                                  [Page 6] 
     INTERNET-DRAFT                GENA Base             September 6, 2000 
        channel is treated as the subscription arbiter. When a NOTIFY is sent 
        using multicast UDP as a transport there is no response. 
        The NOTIFY method MUST contain a NT header and MAY contain a body, a 
        NTS header and SID. Subscribers MAY ignore the body in a subscription 
        request. Subscription arbiters MAY remove and/or alter the value of the 
        SID header in order to set it to the value that their subscriber is 
        expecting. Note that in general notifying resources will not put SID 
        headers on their notifications. This is generally a value that 
        subscription arbiters add. 
        Note that notifications to implied subscribers may not necessarily have 
        SIDs. The client can tell the subscription arbiter to stop sending the 
        notification by returning a 412 (Precondition Failed). 
     7.1 Response Codes 
        200 (OK) - This is the standard response to a NOTIFY received by a 
        subscriber. 
        202 (Accepted) - This is the standard response to a NOTIFY received by 
        a subscription arbiter. 
        412 (Precondition Failed) - The client doesn't recognize the SID or the 
        request doesn't have a SID and the client doesn't want to receive the 
        notification. 
     7.2 Examples 
     7.2.1     TCP/IP 
        NOTIFY /foo/bar HTTP/1.1 
        Host: blah:923 
        NT: ixl:pop 
        NTS: clock:bark 
        SID: uuid:kj9d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6 
        HTTP/1.1 200 O.K. 
        A notification of type ixl:pop sub-type clock:bark has been sent out in 
        response to the specified subscription. The request-URI could either 
        identify a particular resource who is to be notified or a subscription 
        arbiter who will then take responsibility for forwarding the 
        notification to the appropriate subscribers. 
     7.2.2     Multicast UDP  
        NOTIFY * HTTP/1.1 
        Host: somemulticastIPaddress:923 
        NT: ixl:pop 
        NTS: clock:bark 
     Cohen et al.                                                  [Page 7] 
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        As in the previous example this is a notification of type ixl:pop sub-
        type clock:bark but it has been sent out to the multicast channel as an 
        unsolicited notification. Hence it does not have a SID header. Also, 
        because it was sent out to a multicast UDP channel it also doesn’t have 
        a response. 
     8  SUBSCRIBE HTTP Method 
        [Talk about the scope header having values other than the URL of the 
        resource, we are using the UPnP example where you would put the USN 
        value into the scope. Everyone needs to pay attention to the scope 
        header!!!!] 
        The SUBSCRIBE method is used to provide a subscription arbiter with a 
        search filter to be used in determining what notifications to forward 
        to the subscriber.  
        The Request-URI of the SUBSCRIBE method specifies the subscription 
        arbiter which will handle the subscription. 
        A SUBSCRIBE request MUST have a NT header unless it is a re-
        subscription request. The NT header specifies what sort of notification 
        the subscriber wishes to be notified of. 
        A SUBSCRIBE request MUST have a Call-Back header unless it is a re-
        subscription request. The Call-Back header specifies how the subscriber 
        is to be contacted in order to deliver the notification. 
        A SUBSCRIBE method MUST NOT have a NTS header. The base subscription 
        search filter only supports filtering on the NT value of a 
        notification. This limitation is meant to keep the subscription 
        functionality at the minimum useful level. It is expected that future 
        specifications will provide for more flexible subscription search 
        filters. 
        A SUBSCRIBE method MUST have a scope header unless it is a re-
        subscription request. The scope header identifies the resource that the 
        subscriber wishes to receive notifications about. 
        The Timeout request header, whose syntax is defined in section 9.8 of 
        [WEBDAV] MAY be used on a SUBSCRIBE request. The header is used to 
        request that a subscription live for the specified period of time 
        before having to be renewed. Subscription arbiters are free to ignore 
        this header. 
        A subscription arbiter MUST ignore the body of a SUBSCRIBE request if 
        it does not understand that body. 
        A successful response to the SUBSCRIBE method MUST include a Timeout 
        response header and a SUBID header. 
     Cohen et al.                                                  [Page 8] 
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        [Add a note that if no Scope header is included then the default is to 
        treat the Request-URI as the scope.] 
        [What do you do if someone subscribes to something they are already 
        subscribed to? The question is tricky because, short of using 
        authentication, you don’t know who “someone” is and even then, because 
        multiple programs may be running, you can’t be sure if you are really 
        talking to the same person. My instinct would be to just give them a 
        second parallel subscription.] 
     8.1 Re-Subscribing 
        When the period of time specified in the Timeout response header passes 
        the subscription MAY expire. In order to keep the subscription alive 
        the subscriber MUST issue a SUBSCRIBE method with a SID header set to 
        the subscription to be re-subscribed. A re-subscribe request MUST NOT 
        have a NT header but it MAY have a Timeout and/or a Call-Back header. 
        Note that the value in the Timeout response header will not take into 
        account the time needed from when the value was generated until it was 
        passed through the arbiter, put on the wire, sent to the subscriber, 
        parsed by the subscriber’s system and finally passed to the 
        subscriber’s program. Hence the value should be taken as an absolute 
        upper bound. Subscribers are encouraged to re-subscribe a good period 
        of time before the actual expiration of the subscription. 
     8.2 Response Codes 
        200 (OK) - The subscription request has been successfully processed and 
        a subscription ID assigned. 
        400 (Bad Request) - A required header is missing. 
        412 Precondition Failed - Either the subscription arbiter doesn't 
        support any of the call-backs, doesn't support the NT or doesn't 
        support the scope. This code is also used on resubscription requests to 
        indicate that the subscription no longer exists. 
     8.3 Examples 
     8.3.1     Subscription 
        SUBSCRIBE dude HTTP/1.1 
        Host: iamthedude:203 
        NT: ixl:pop 
        Call-Back: <http://blah/bar:923> 
        Scope: http://icky/pop 
        Timeout: Infinite 
        HTTP/1.1 200 O.K. 
        Subscription-ID: uuid:kj9d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6 
        Timeout: Second-604800 
     Cohen et al.                                                  [Page 9] 
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        This subscription request asks the subscription arbiter 
        http://iamthedude/dude:203 for a subscription on notifications of type 
        ixl:pop from the resource http://icky/pop. 
     8.3.2     Re-Subscription 
        SUBSCRIBE dude HTTP/1.1 
        Host: iamthedude:203 
        Subscription-ID: uuid:kj9d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6 
        Timeout: Infinite 
        HTTP/1.1 200 O.K. 
        Subscription-ID: uuid:kj9d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6 
        Timeout: Second-604800 
        The subscription has been successfully renewed. 
     9  UNSUBSCRIBE HTTP Method 
        The UNSUBSCRIBE method is used to terminate a subscription. The 
        UNSUBSCRIBE method MUST include a SID header with the value of the 
        subscription to be un-subscribed.  
        If the SID identifies a subscription that the subscription arbiter does 
        not recognize or knows is already expired then the arbiter MUST respond 
        with a 200 (OK). 
     9.1 Response Codes 
        200 (OK) - Unsubscribe succeeded. 
        412 (Precondition Failed) – The SID was not recognized. 
     9.2 Example 
        UNSUBSCRIBE dude HTTP/1.1 
        Host: iamtheproxy:203 
        SID: uuid:kj9d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6 
        HTTP/1.1 200 O.k. 
     10 New HTTP Headers 
     10.1 NT Header 
        [Think REALLY hard about allowing for multiple values in a NT header] 
        The NT header is used to indicate the notification type. 
        NT = "NT" ":" absoluteURI ; See section 3 of [RFC2396] 
     Cohen et al.                                                 [Page 10] 
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     10.2 NTS Response Header 
        The NTS response header is used to indicate the notification sub-type 
        of a notification. 
        NTS = "NTS" ":" absoluteURI 
     10.3 Call-Back Header 
        The Call-Back header specifies, in order of preference, the means the 
        subscriber would like the subscription arbiter to use to deliver 
        notifications.  
        Call-Back = "Call-Back" ":" *Coded-URI; See section 9.4 of [WEBDAV] 
     10.4 Timeout Response Header 
        The Timeout response header has the same syntax as the Timeout request 
        header defined in section 9.8 of [WEBDAV]. The subscription arbiter 
        informs the subscriber how long the subscription arbiter will keep 
        their subscription active without a re-subscribe using the Timeout 
        response header. 
     10.5 SID Header 
        The SID header contains a subscription ID. 
        SID = "SID" ":" absoluteURI 
     10.6 Scope Request Header 
        The scope request header indicates the resource the subscriber wishes 
        to receive notifications about. 
        SCOPE = "Scope" ":" absoluteURI 
     11 Future Work 
        This specification defines a minimally useful set of notification 
        functionality. It does not, however, address three critical issues that 
        are needed by some notification environments. It is expected that all 
        of these features can be provided in extension specifications to this 
        base specification. 
        The first issue is polling. In some environments, especially those with 
        intermittent connectivity, it would be desirable for subscription 
        arbiters to be able to pool up notifications and then to deliver them 
        when the subscriber asks for them. 
        The second issue is subscription arbiter to subscription arbiter 
        communication. It is likely that subscription arbiters will want to 
        communicate directly with each other in order to efficiently distribute 
     Cohen et al.                                                 [Page 11] 
     INTERNET-DRAFT                GENA Base             September 6, 2000 
        notifications and subscriptions. This requires provision for 
        notification routing and loop prevention. 
        The third issue is support for depth functionality. In some systems one 
        wishes to receive a notification about a resource and any of its 
        children as the term is defined in [WEBDAV]. 
     12 Security Considerations 
        TBD. 
        [Notes: 
        The really horrible security concerns don't start until you build the 
        subscription arbiter to arbiter protocol. Otherwise the arbiter is very 
        close to a proxy in that it takes confidential information from a 
        subscriber and/or notifying resource and is expected to do the right 
        thing (TM) with it. Authentication and such prevents bogus 
        notifications and subscriptions. 
        Another problem is if someone sends in a subscription request with the 
        call-back pointing at someone else. This could be used for a denial of 
        service attack. Arbiters should authenticate subscribers and probably 
        the call-back points as well.] 
     13 Acknowledgements 
        Jesus Ruiz-Scougall (Exchange) 
        Erik Christensen (VB) (Exchange) 
        Ting Cai 
     14 IANA Considerations 
        None. 
     15 Copyright 
        The following copyright notice is copied from RFC 2026 [Bradner, 1996], 
        Section 10.4, and describes the applicable copyright for this document. 
        Copyright (C) The Internet Society February 10, 1998. All Rights 
        Reserved. 
        This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to 
        others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or 
        assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and 
        distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, 
        provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are 
        included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this 
        document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the 
        copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other 
        Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing 
        Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights defined 
        in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or as required to 
        translate it into languages other than English. 
     Cohen et al.                                                 [Page 12] 
     INTERNET-DRAFT                GENA Base             September 6, 2000 
        The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be 
        revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assignees. 
        This document and the information contained herein is provided on an 
        "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING 
        TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT 
        NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL 
        NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR 
        FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 
     16 Intellectual Property 
        The following notice is copied from RFC 2026 [Bradner, 1996], Section 
        10.4, and describes the position of the IETF concerning intellectual 
        property claims made against this document. 
        The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any 
        intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to pertain 
        to the implementation or use other technology described in this 
        document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or 
        might not be available; neither does it represent that it has made any 
        effort to identify any such rights.  Information on the IETF's 
        procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and standards-
        related documentation can be found in BCP-11.  Copies of claims of 
        rights made available for publication and any assurances of licenses to 
        be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general 
        license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by 
        implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the 
        IETF Secretariat. 
        The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any 
        copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights 
        which may cover technology that may be required to practice this 
        standard.  Please address the information to the IETF Executive 
        Director. 
     17 References 
        [WEBDAV] 
        [Bradner, 1996] S. Bradner, "The Internet Standards Process - Revision 
        3."  RFC 2026, BCP 9. Harvard University. October, 1996. 
        [HTTPMU] <draft-goland-http-udp-00.txt> 
        [HTTP11] R. Fielding, J. Gettys, J. C. Mogul, H. Frystyk, L. Masinter, 
        P. Leach and T. Berners-Lee. Hypertext Transfer Protocol – HTTP/1.1. 
        Internet Draft – Work in Progress. http://www.ietf.org/internet-
        drafts/draft-ietf-http-v11-spec-rev-06.txt, November 18, 1998. 
        [RFC2396] http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt 
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     INTERNET-DRAFT                GENA Base             September 6, 2000 
     18 Authors' Addresses 
        Josh Cohen, Sonu Aggarwal, Yaron Y. Goland 
        Microsoft Corporation 
        One Microsoft Way 
        Redmond, WA 98052-6399 
        Email: {joshco,sonuag,yarong}@microsoft.com 
     Cohen et al.                                                 [Page 14] 
--- a/docs/draft-goland-fxpp-01.txt
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 UPnP Forum Technical Committee                          Yaron Y. Goland 
 Document: draft-goland-fxpp-01.txt                            CrossGain 
                                                   Jeffrey C. Schlimmer 
                                                  Microsoft Corporation 
                                                           19 June 2000 
                 Flexible XML Processing Profile (FXPP) 
 Status of this Memo 
   This document is under review by the UPnP Forum Technical Committee. 
   It was previously submitted to the IETF as an Internet Draft and has 
   expired. This document is formatted in a manner consistent with the 
   IETF formatting guidelines to facilitate possible future 
   consideration by the IETF. 
   This document is available on http://www.upnp.org. 
 Abstract 
   This document provides an independent reference for the XML 
   processing profile developed by the WebDAV WG in [RFC2518].  It does 
   this by copying Section 14 and Appendix 4 as well as examples from 
   Appendix 3 of [RFC2518] and editing out any WebDAV specific parts. 
   This document also defines handling of unknown XML attributes. 
   This information has been broken out into its own independent 
   reference in order to make it easier for other standards to 
   reference just the WebDAV XML processing profile without having to 
   reference the entire WebDAV standard or require their readers to 
   understand which parts of the profile are WebDAV specific and which 
   parts are not. 
 1. Introduction 
   This document provides an independent reference for the XML 
   processing profile developed by the WebDAV WG in [RFC2518].  It does 
   this by copying Section 14 and Appendix 4 as well as examples from 
   Appendix 3 of [RFC2518] and editing out any WebDAV specific parts. 
   This document also defines handling of unknown XML attributes. 
   This information has been broken out into its own independent 
   reference in order to make it easier for other standards to 
   reference just the WebDAV XML processing profile without having to 
   reference the entire WebDAV standard or require their readers to 
   understand which parts of the profile are WebDAV specific and which 
   parts are not. 
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   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", 
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED",  "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in 
   this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. 
 2. XML Support Requirement 
   All FXPP compliant systems MUST support [XML]. 
 3. XML Ignore Rule 
   All FXPP compliant XML processors (a) MUST ignore any unknown XML 
   element and all its children, and (b) MUST ignore any unknown XML 
   attribute and its value.  This rule may be overridden on an element-
   by-element or attribute-by-attribute basis, but implementers should 
   be aware that systems unfamiliar with the element or attribute will 
   follow the ignore rule. 
 4. XML Mime Type Support 
   A FXPP compliant system MUST be able to both accept and send 
   text/xml and application/xml. 
 5. Ordering of XML Elements 
   Unless the definition of a XML element explicitly specifies 
   otherwise the ordering of XML elements has no semantic significance 
   to FXPP compliant systems. 
   Note to Implementers - A generic FXPP compliant XML processor will 
   not know which of the elements it is processing have meaningful 
   ordering.  As such, such processors need to maintain the order of 
   the elements when presenting the parsed information so as not to 
   loose any meaningful data. 
 6. XML Namespace Support 
   All FXPP compliant systems MUST support the XML namespace extensions 
   as specified in [REC-XML-NAMES]. 
   FXPP compliant XML processors MUST interpret a qualified name as a 
   URI constructed by appending the LocalPart to the namespace name 
   URI. 
   Example 
   <del:glider xmlns:del="http://www.del.jensen.org/">  
      <del:glidername>  
        Johnny Updraft  
      </del:glidername>  
      <del:glideraccidents/>  
   </del:glider>  
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   In this example, the qualified element name "del:glider" is 
   interpreted as the URL "http://www.del.jensen.org/glider". 
   <bar:glider xmlns:bar="http://www.del.jensen.org/">  
      <bar:glidername>  
         Johnny Updraft  
      </bar:glidername>  
      <bar:glideraccidents/>  
   </bar:glider>  
   Even though this example is syntactically different from the 
   previous example, it is semantically identical.  Each instance of 
   the namespace name "bar" is replaced with 
   "http://www.del.jensen.org/" and then appended to the local name for 
   each element tag.  The resulting tag names in this example are 
   exactly the same as for the previous example. 
   <foo:r xmlns:foo="http://www.del.jensen.org/glide">  
      <foo:rname>  
         Johnny Updraft  
      </foo:rname>  
      <foo:raccidents/>  
   </foo:r>  
   This example is semantically identical to the two previous ones.  
   Each instance of the namespace name "foo" is replaced with 
   "http://www.del.jensen.org/glide" which is then appended to the 
   local name for each element tag, the resulting tag names are 
   identical to those in the previous examples. 
 7. XML Element Declaration Syntax 
   The following format is recommended for FXPP compliant 
   specifications as a means to provide uniform declaration of XML 
   elements. 
   Name:  
   Namespace:  
   Purpose:  
   Value:  
   DTD  
   The name is the name of the XML element.  The Namespace is the 
   namespace the element belongs to.  The purpose is a short 
   description of the use of the XML element.  As DTDs are not very 
   good at expressing the format of characters inside of an XML element 
   when an XML element needs to contain formatted pcdata the optional 
   Value description will be used to provide a BNF for the character 
   data.  At the end of the template is the ELEMENT DTD declaration for 
   the element. 
 8. Notes on Empty XML Elements 
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   XML supports two mechanisms for indicating that an XML element does 
   not have any content.  The first is to declare an XML element of the 
   form <A></A>.  The second is to declare an XML element of the form 
   <A/>.  The two XML elements are semantically identical. 
   It is a violation of the XML specification to use the <A></A> form 
   if the associated DTD declares the element to be EMPTY (e.g., 
   <!ELEMENT A EMPTY>).  If such a statement is included, then the 
   empty element format, <A/> must be used.  If the element is not 
   declared to be EMPTY, then either form <A></A> or <A/> may be used 
   for empty elements. 
 9. Notes on Illegal XML Processing 
   XML is a flexible data format that makes it easy to submit data that 
   appears legal but in fact is not.  The philosophy of "Be flexible in 
   what you accept and strict in what you send" still applies, but it 
   must not be applied inappropriately.  XML is extremely flexible in 
   dealing with issues of white space, element ordering, inserting new 
   elements, etc.  This flexibility does not require extension, 
   especially not in the area of the meaning of elements. 
   There is no kindness in accepting illegal combinations of XML 
   elements.  At best it will cause an unwanted result and at worst it 
   can cause real damage. 
 9.1. Example - XML Syntax Error 
   The following request body for a WebDAV PROPFIND method is illegal. 
   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>  
   <D:propfind xmlns:D="DAV:">  
      <D:allprop/>  
      <D:propname/>  
   </D:propfind>  
   The definition of the propfind element only allows for the allprop 
   or the propname element, not both.  Thus the above is an error and 
   must be responded to with a 400 (Bad Request). 
   Imagine, however, that a server wanted to be "kind" and decided to 
   pick the allprop element as the true element and respond to it.  A 
   client running over a bandwidth limited line who intended to execute 
   a propname would be in for a big surprise if the server treated the 
   command as an allprop. 
   Additionally, if a server were lenient and decided to reply to this 
   request, the results would vary randomly from server to server, with 
   some servers executing the allprop directive, and others executing 
   the propname directive. This reduces interoperability rather than 
   increasing it. 
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 9.2. Example - Unknown XML Element 
   The previous example was illegal because it contained two elements 
   that were explicitly banned from appearing together in the propfind 
   element.  However, XML is an extensible language, so one can imagine 
   new elements being defined for use with propfind.  Below is the 
   request body of a PROPFIND and, like the previous example, must be 
   rejected with a 400 (Bad Request) by a server that does not 
   understand the expired-props element. 
   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>  
   <D:propfind xmlns:D="DAV:"  
         xmlns:E="http://www.foo.bar/standards/props/">  
      <E:expired-props/>  
   </D:propfind>  
   To understand why a 400 (Bad Request) is returned let us look at the 
   request body as the server unfamiliar with expired-props sees it. 
   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>  
   <D:propfind xmlns:D="DAV:"  
         xmlns:E="http://www.foo.bar/standards/props/">  
   </D:propfind>  
   As the server does not understand the expired-props element, 
   according to the WebDAV-specific XML processing rules specified in 
   section 14 of [RFC 2518], it must ignore it.  Thus the server sees 
   an empty propfind, which by the definition of the propfind element 
   is illegal. 
   Please note that had the extension been additive it would not 
   necessarily have resulted in a 400 (Bad Request).  For example, 
   imagine the following request body for a PROPFIND: 
   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>  
   <D:propfind xmlns:D="DAV:"  
         xmlns:E="http://www.foo.bar/standards/props/">  
      <D:propname/>  
      <E:leave-out>*boss*</E:leave-out>  
   </D:propfind>  
   The previous example contains the fictitious element leave-out. Its 
   purpose is to prevent the return of any property whose name matches 
   the submitted pattern.  If the previous example were submitted to a 
   server unfamiliar with leave-out, the only result would be that the 
   leave-out element would be ignored and a propname would be executed. 
 10. References 
   [RFC2119] S. Bradner. Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate 
   Requirement Levels.  RFC 2119, March 1997. 
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   [RFC2068] R. Fielding, J. Gettys, J. Mogul, H. Frystyk, and T. 
   Berners-Lee. Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1.  RFC 2068, 
   January 1997. 
   [RFC2158] Y. Goland, E. Whitehead, A. Faizi, S. Carter, and D. 
   Jensen. HTTP Extensions for Distributed Authoring  WEBDAV. RFC 2518, 
   February 1999. 
   [XML] T. Bray, J. Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, "Extensible Markup 
   Language (XML)." World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation REC-xml-
   19980210. http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210. 
 11. Author's Addresses 
   Yaron Y. Goland 
   CrossGain 
   2039 152nd Avenue NE 
   Redmond, WA 98052 
   <mailto:yarongo@crossgain.com> 
   Jeffrey C. Schlimmer 
   Microsoft Corporation 
   One Microsoft Way 
   Redmond, WA 98052 
   <mailto:jeffsch@Microsoft.com> 
 Goland, Schlimmer                                                    6 
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 UPnP Forum Technical Committee                          Yaron Y. Goland 
 Document: draft-goland-http-udp-04.txt                        CrossGain 
                                                   Jeffrey C. Schlimmer 
                                                              Microsoft 
                                                        02 October 2000 
                Multicast and Unicast UDP HTTP Messages 
 Status of this Memo 
   This document is under review by the UPnP Forum Technical Committee. 
   It was previously submitted to the IETF as an Internet Draft and has 
   expired. This document is formatted in a manner consistent with the 
   IETF formatting guidelines to facilitate possible future 
   consideration by the IETF. 
   This document is available on http://www.upnp.org. 
 Abstract 
   This document provides rules for encapsulating HTTP messages in 
   multicast and unicast UDP packets to be sent within a single 
   administrative scope. No provisions are made for guaranteeing 
   delivery beyond re-broadcasting. 
 1. Introduction 
   This document provides rules for encapsulating HTTP messages in 
   multicast and unicast UDP messages. No provisions are made for 
   guaranteeing delivery beyond re-broadcasting. 
   This technology is motivated by applications such as SSDP where it 
   is expected that messages which are primarily transmitted over TCP 
   HTTP need to be transmitted over Multicast or Unicast UDP, because 
   of the unique requirements of extremely lightweight servers. 
   This document will not specify a mechanism suitable for replacing 
   HTTP over TCP. Rather this document will define a limited mechanism 
   only suitable for extreme circumstances where the use of TCP is 
   impossible. Thus this mechanism will not have the robustness of 
   functionality and congestion control provided by TCP. It is expected 
   that in practice the mechanisms specified here in will only be used 
   as a means to get to TCP based HTTP communications. 
 2. Changes 
 2.1. Since 00 
   Divided each section of the spec into three parts, problem 
   definition, proposed solution and design rationale. When the spec is 
   ready for standardization the problem definition and design 
   rationale sections will be removed. Design rationale is presented in 
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   question/answer form because I have found that to be very effective 
   in addressing design issues. 
   Clarified that a HTTPU/HTTPMU URI without an abs_path translates to 
   "*" in the request-URI. 
   Added the S header to allow request and responses to be associated. 
   Note that while clients aren't required to send out S headers, 
   servers are required to return them. 
   Got rid of MM. The lower bound is always 0. 
   The introduction of the S header makes proxying and caching possible 
   so the sections on those topics have been expanded, but they should 
   be considered experimental at best. 
 2.2. Since 02 
   Added requirement for HTTP/1.1 as the version identifier in the 
   request line. (See section on HTTP Version in Request Line.) 
   Removed requirement that requests without an S header MUST NOT be 
   responded to. (See section on Unicast UDP HTTP Messages.) 
   Clarified that a server should respond to each request it receives 
   but not duplicate those responses. (See section on Retrying 
   Requests.) 
   Clarified caching when responding to repeated requests. (See section 
   on Caching.) 
   Expanded that if a server has > 1 response per HTTPMU request, it 
   should spread them out. (See section on MX header.) 
   Tied behavior of duplicate responses with the same S header value to 
   the semantics of the method (was discard duplicates). (See section 
   on S header.) 
   Outlined initial security considerations. (See section on Security.)  
 2.3. Since 03 
   Clarified the "no abs_path" requirement for HTTPU/HTTPMU request-
   URIs. 
   Clarified use of "*" as a request-URI. 
   Removed requirement for HTTPU/HTTPMU servers to support "chunked" 
   transfer-coding. 
 3. Terminology 
   Since this document describes a set of extensions to the HTTP/1.1 
   protocol, the augmented BNF used herein to describe protocol 
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   elements is exactly the same as described in section 2.1 of 
   [RFC2616]. Since this augmented BNF uses the basic production rules 
   provided in section 2.2 of [RFC2616], these rules apply to this 
   document as well. 
   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", 
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this 
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. 
 4. HTTPU URL 
 4.1. Problem Definition 
   A mechanism is needed to allow for communications that are to be 
   sent over Unicast UDP HTTP to be identified in the URI namespace. 
 4.2. Proposed Solution 
   The HTTPU URL specifies that the HTTP request be sent over unicast 
   UDP according to the rules laid out in this document. 
   HTTPU_URL = "HTTPU:" "//" host [ ":" port ] [ abs path [ "?" query]] 
   The BNF productions host, port and abs path are defined in 
   [RFC2616]. 
   The syntax of the HTTPU URL is to be processed identically to the 
   HTTP URL with the exception of the transport. 
   One MUST NOT assume that if a HTTP, HTTPU or HTTPMU URL are 
   identical in all ways save the protocol that they necessarily point 
   to the same resource. 
 4.3. Design Rationale 
 4.3.1. Why would we ever need a HTTPU/HTTPMU URL? 
   Imagine one wants to tell a system to send responses over HTTPU. How 
   would one express this? If one uses a HTTP URL there is no way for 
   the system to understand that you really meant HTTPU. 
 5. HTTPMU URL 
 5.1. Problem Definition 
   A mechanism is needed to allow for communications that are to be 
   sent over Multicast UDP HTTP to be identified in the URI namespace. 
 5.2. Proposed Solution 
   The HTTPMU URL specifies that the HTTP request that HTTP request is 
   to be sent over multicast UDP according to the rules laid out in 
   this document. 
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   HTTPMU_URL = "HTTPMU:" "//" host [ ":" port ] [ abs path [ "?" 
   query]] 
   The BNF productions host, port and abs path are defined in 
   [RFC2616]. 
   The syntax of the HTTPMU URL is to be processed identically to the 
   HTTP URL with the exception of the transport. 
   One MUST NOT assume that if a HTTP, HTTPU or HTTPMU URL are 
   identical in all ways save the protocol that they necessarily point 
   to the same resource. 
   If a HTTPMU URL does not have an abs path element then when the HTTP 
   multicast UDP request is made the request-URI MUST be "*". 
   For example, HTTPU://www.foo.com would translate into a request-URI 
   of "*". A request-URI of HTTPU://www.foo.com/ would still translate 
   to the absoluteURI "HTTPU://www.foo.com/". 
 5.3. Design Rationale 
 5.3.1. In the HTTPMU URL a request such as http://www.foo.com is 
      translated to a "*" in the request-URI rather than a "/", why 
      isn't the same the case for HTTPU? 
   A HTTPU request is a point-to-point request. There is one sender and 
   one receiver. Thus the semantics of the URL are identical to HTTP 
   with the exception of the transport. 
   Generally, a HTTPMU client will want to send its request to many 
   receivers at once, where each receiver represents a different set of 
   resources. A client can specify this in the HTTPMU request itself by 
   using the request-URI "*". Unfortunately, there is no present way to 
   construct an HTTP URL that will have this request-URI. As such, a 
   mechanism had to be added. 
 5.3.2. Why would an HTTPMU client want to use a request-URI of "*" 
       anyway? 
   In TCP HTTP, the client will often specify a single resource on 
   which the request should operate. For example, a GET of the URL 
   http://foo.org/baz.gif should retrieve the resource at that single, 
   well-defined location. 
   One big reason for a client to send a request over multicast UDP, 
   though, is the ability to send a request to many receivers at once, 
   even when the number of receivers is not known. 
   Specifying an absoluteURI in the request, though, would defeat this; 
   all receivers without that exact resource would be forced to reject 
   the request. 
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   By specifying a request-URI of "*" client signifies that the request 
   "does not apply to a particular resource, but to the server itself, 
   and is only allowed when the method used does not necessarily apply 
   to a resource." [RFC 2616] 
 5.3.3. So when would an HTTPMU client want to use a request-URI other 
       than "*"? 
   This may be useful when a client knows the URI for the resource, but 
   not the server on which the resource lives. If the client knows 
   both, though, it is expected that TCP HTTP or HTTPU would be used. 
   Servers MUST NOT assume that an HTTPMU request containing an 
   absoluteURI necessarily refers to the same resource as a HTTPU 
   request with the same absoluteURI. For example, servers that support 
   both HTTPMU and HTTPU may reject a request for a particular resource 
   when received through HTTPMU, but accept it when received through 
   HTTPU. 
 6. HTTP Version in Request Line 
 6.1. Problem Definition 
   A message format identifier is needed for the HTTPU and HTTPMU 
   request lines. 
 6.2. Proposed Solution 
   Request lines for HTTPU and HTTPMU requests MUST use HTTP/1.1 as the 
   version. 
   Request-Line = Method SP Request-URI SP HTTP/1.1 CRLF 
   The BNF production Method is defined in [RFC2616]. 
 6.3. Design Rationale 
 6.3.1. Why not define separate HTTPU and HTTPMU versions? 
   While HTTP/1.1 does hint at underlying features (like pipelining), 
   it principally specifies a message format. HTTPU and HTTPMU use the 
   same message format as defined by HTTP/1.1. Reusing this message 
   format identifier enables syntactic parsing / generating of HTTPU 
   and HTTPMU request by existing HTTP message mungers. 
 6.3.2. If the version in the request line is the same as an HTTP 
       request, once a request was stored, how could one distinguish an 
       HTTPU (or HTTPMU) request from an HTTP request? 
   TBD 
 7. Unicast UDP HTTP Messages 
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 7.1. Problem Definition 
   A mechanism is needed to send HTTP messages over the unicast UDP 
   transport. 
 7.2. Proposed Solution 
   HTTP messages sent over unicast UDP function identically to HTTP 
   messages sent over TCP as defined in [RFC2616] except as specified 
   below. 
   For brevity's sake HTTP messages sent over unicast UDP will be 
   referred to as HTTPU messages. 
   HTTPU messages MUST fit entirely in a single UDP message. If a HTTPU 
   message can not be fit into a single UDP message then it MUST NOT be 
   sent using unicast UDP. Incomplete HTTPU messages SHOULD be ignored. 
   The request-URI of a HTTPU message MUST always be fully qualified. 
   A single unicast UDP message MUST only contain a single HTTPU 
   message. As such, an HTTPU server MAY reject messages with "chunked" 
   transfer-coding. 
   When responding to a HTTPU request with an S header the rules for 
   the proper handling of S headers, as specified below MUST be 
   followed. 
 7.3. Design Rationale 
   See also the subsection on the S header below for the design 
   rationale of the S header. 
 7.3.1. Why can't a single HTTP message be sent over multiple UDP 
       messages? 
   The ability to send unlimited size messages across the Internet is 
   one of the key features of TCP. The goal of this paper is not to 
   reinvent TCP but rather to provide a very simple emergency back up 
   HTTP system that can leverage UDP where TCP cannot be used. As such 
   features to allow a single HTTP message to span multiple UDP 
   messages is not provided. 
 7.3.2. Why are request-URIs sent over HTTPU required to be fully 
       qualified? 
   A relative URI in a HTTP message is assumed to be relative to a HTTP 
   URL. However this would clearly be inappropriate for a HTTPU or 
   HTTPMU message. The easiest solution would be to simply state that a 
   relative URI is relative to the type of message it was sent in. But 
   one of the goals of this draft is to allow current HTTP message 
   processors to be able to munch on HTTPU/HTTPMU messages and this 
   would cause a change to those processors. 
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   The cost of this simplification is that you repeat the host 
   information, once in the URI and once in the host header.  
   But again, taking out the host header would make a lot of existing 
   HTTP message munchers very unhappy. 
 7.3.3. Why is the requirement for ignoring incomplete HTTPU messages a 
      SHOULD instead of a MUST? 
   Some systems use a lot of redundant data or have good mechanisms for 
   handling partial data. As such they could actually do something 
   intelligent with a partial message. A SHOULD allows them to do this 
   while still making it clear that in the majority case partial 
   HTTPU/HTTPMU messages are going to get thrown out. 
 7.3.4. Why aren't multiple HTTP messages allowed into a single UDP 
       message if they will fit? 
   It was easier to ban it, and it didn't seem to buy us much. It was 
   especially worrying because it would start to convince people that 
   they could actually order their UDP requests in a pipelinesque 
   manner. It was easier to just keep things simple and ban it. 
 7.3.5. Why aren't we allowed to leave off content-lengths if only a 
       single HTTPU message is allowed in a UDP message? 
   In general we try to only change from RFC 2616 when we are forced 
   to. Although including a content-length is annoying it makes it easy 
   to use HTTP/1.1 message parsing/generating systems with this spec. 
 7.3.6. Why might a HTTPU message choose to not have an S header? 
   Leaving off the S header would be useful for throwaway events. In 
   systems with a high event rate it is usually easier to just throw 
   away an event rather than re-sending it. As such there is no real 
   benefit to correlating unnecessary responses with requests. 
 7.3.7. Why isn't the MX header used on HTTPU messages? 
   As HTTPU messages are point-to-point there will be exactly one 
   response. MX is only useful in cases, such as HTTPMU requests, where 
   there can be many potential responses from numerous different 
   clients. MX helps to prevent the client from getting creamed with 
   responses. 
 7.3.8. Can I send 1xx responses over HTTPU? 
   Yes. Error handling is identical to RFC 2616. 
 8. Multicast UDP HTTP Requests 
 8.1. Problem Definition 
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   A mechanism is needed to send HTTP messages over the multicast UDP 
   transport. 
 8.2. Proposed Solution 
   HTTP messages sent over multicast UDP MUST obey all the requirements 
   for HTTPU messages in addition to the requirements provided below. 
   For brevity's sake HTTP messages sent over multicast UDP will be 
   referred to as HTTPMU messages. 
   Resources that support receiving multicast UDP HTTP requests MUST 
   honor the MX header if included in the request.  
   If a resource has a single response, it MUST generate a random 
   number between 0 and MX that represents the number of seconds the 
   resource MUST wait before sending a response. If a resource has 
   multiple responses per request, it SHOULD send these resources 
   spread over the interval [0..MX]. This prevents all responses from 
   being sent at once.  
   HTTP clients SHOULD keep listening for responses for a reasonable 
   delta of time after MX. That delta will be based on the type of 
   network the request is being sent over. This means that if a server 
   cannot respond to a request before MX then there is little point in 
   sending the response, as the client will most likely not be 
   listening for it. 
   When used with a multicast UDP HTTP request, the "*" request-URI 
   means "to everyone who is listening to this IP address and port." 
   A HTTPMU request without a MX header MUST NOT be responded to. 
 8.3. Design Rationale 
 8.3.1. Why is there a "delta" after the MX time when the client should 
       still be listening? 
   So let's say the MX value is 5 seconds. The HTTP resource generates 
   a number between 0 and 5 and gets 5. After 5 seconds of waiting the 
   HTTP resource will send its response. 
   Now for some math: 
     0.5 seconds         - Time it took the client's request to reach 
                           the HTTP resource. 
     5 seconds           - Time the HTTP resource waited after 
                           receiving the message to respond, based on 
                           the MX value. 
     0.5 seconds         - Time for the response to get back to the 
                           client. 
   Total time elapsed   - 6 seconds 
 Goland, Schlimmer                                                    8 
 UPnP Forum                     UDP HTTP                    24 Aug 2000 
   If the client only waits 5 seconds, the MX value, then they would 
   have stopped listening for this response by the time it arrived, 
   hence the need for the delta. 
 8.3.2. What should the "delta" after MX expires be? 
   Unfortunately this is an impossible question to answer. How fast is 
   your network? How far is the message going? Is there any congestion? 
   In general delta values will be set based on a combination of 
   heuristics and application necessity. That is, if you are displaying 
   information to a user any data that comes in after 20 or 30 seconds 
   is probably too late. 
 8.3.3. When would a HTTPMU request not be responded to? 
   When a HTTP resource is making a general announcement, such as "I am 
   here", it generally isn't useful to have everyone respond confirming 
   they received the message. This is especially the case given that 
   the HTTP resource probably doesn't know who should have received the 
   announcement so the absence of a HTTP client in the responses 
   wouldn't be meaningful. 
   Whether a particular request requires a response is dependant on the 
   application, and is beyond the scope of this specification. 
 8.3.4. Why do we require the MX header on HTTPMU requests that are to 
       be responded to? 
   This is to prevent overloading the HTTP client. If all the HTTP 
   resources responded simultaneously the client would probably loose 
   most of the responses as its UDP buffer overflowed. 
 9. Retrying Requests 
 9.1. Problem Definition 
   UDP is an unreliable transport with no failure indicators; as such 
   some mechanism is needed to reasonably increase the chance that a 
   HTTPU/HTTPMU message will be delivered. 
 9.2. Proposed Solution 
   UDP is an inherently unreliable transport and subject to routers 
   dropping packets without notice. Applications requiring delivery 
   guarantees SHOULD NOT use HTTPU or HTTPMU.  
   In order to increase the probability that a HTTPU or HTTPMU message 
   is delivered the message MAY be repeated several times. If a 
   multicast resource would send a response(s) to any copy of the 
   request, it SHOULD send its response(s) to each copy of the request 
   it receives. It MUST NOT repeat its response(s) per copy of the 
   reuqest. 
 Goland, Schlimmer                                                    9 
 UPnP Forum                     UDP HTTP                    24 Aug 2000 
   In order to prevent the network from being flooded a message SHOULD 
   NOT be repeated more than MAX_RETRIES time. A random period of time 
   between 0 and MAX_RETRY_INTERVAL SHOULD be selected between each 
   retry to determine how long to wait before issuing the retry.  
 9.3. Design Rationale 
 9.3.1. Why is the requirement "applications requiring delivery 
       guarantees should not use HTTPU or HTTPMU" only a SHOULD and not 
       a MUST? 
   Because there might come a day when it makes sense to use HTTPU or 
   HTTPMU for guaranteed delivery and there is no reason to completely 
   ban the possibility. 
 9.3.2. Why is the requirement that a request not be repeated more than 
       MAX_RETRIES times a SHOULD and not a MUST? 
   Local knowledge may make the limit unnecessary. For example, if one 
   knew that the message was being delivered using a super reliable 
   network then repeats are not necessary. Similarly if one knew that 
   the network the requests were going through were particularly 
   unreliable and assuming one had properly accounted for the effects 
   of additional messages on that congestion, one might have a good 
   reason to send more than MAX_RETRIES. 
 9.3.3. Why SHOULD multicast resources respond to each copy of a request 
       it receives? 
   Because the earlier responses might have been lost. 
 9.3.4. Why MUST multicast resources not repeat its response(s) to each 
       copy of a request it receives? 
   This strategy provides the lowest network loading for any desired 
   level of reliability, or equivalently, the highest reliability for 
   any specified level of network loading. 
 10. Caching 
 10.1. Problem Definition 
   Caching is a feature that has demonstrated its usefulness in HTTP, 
   provisions need to be made to ensure that HTTPU/HTTPMU messages can 
   be cached using a consistent algorithm. 
 10.2. Proposed Solution 
   [Ed. Note: Never having tried to actually build a HTTPU/HTTPMU 
   generic cache we suspect there are some very serious gotchas here 
   that we just haven't found yet. This section should definitely be 
   treated as "under development."] 
 Goland, Schlimmer                                                   10 
 UPnP Forum                     UDP HTTP                    24 Aug 2000 
   Caching rules for HTTPU/HTTPMU responses are no different than 
   normal HTTP responses. HTTPU/HTTPMU responses are matched to their 
   requests through the S header value. 
   When responding to a multicast request, a resource MAY cache its 
   response(s) and retransmit from the cache in response to duplicate 
   requests. 
 10.3. Design Rationale 
 10.3.1. Wouldn't it be useful to be able to cache HTTPU/HTTPMU requests 
       if they don't have responses? 
   Yes, it probably would, especially if we are talking about a client-
   side cache. It is probably worth investigating the use of cache 
   control headers on requests for this very purpose. 
 11. Proxying UDP HTTP Requests 
 11.1. Problem Definition 
   For security or caching reasons it is sometimes necessary to place a 
   proxy in a message path. Provisions need to be made to ensure that 
   HTTPU/HTTPMU messages can be proxied. 
 11.2. Proposed Solution 
   [Ed. Note: This section should be considered experimental. No one 
   has really had to design much less implement a HTTPU/HTTPMU proxy 
   yet.] 
   All transport independent rules for proxying, such as length of time 
   to cache a response, hop-by-hop header rules, etc. are the same for 
   HTTPU/HTTPMU as they are for HTTP messages. 
   [Ed. Note: I'm not sure how far to go into the "transport 
   independent rules". The RFC 2616 doesn't really call them out very 
   well but I also don't want to have to re-write RFC 2616 spec inside 
   this spec.] 
   The transport dependent rules, however, are different. For example, 
   using TCP any pipelined messages are guaranteed to be delivered in 
   order. There are no ordering guarantees of any form for HTTPU/HTTPMU 
   proxies. 
   In general a proxy is required to forward a HTTPU/HTTPMU message 
   exactly once. It SHOULD NOT repeat the message. Rather the client is 
   expected to repeat the message and, as the proxy receives the 
   repeats, they will be forwarded. 
   Note that it is acceptable, if not encouraged, for proxies to 
   analyze network conditions and determine the likelihood, on both 
   incoming and outgoing connections, of UDP messages being dropped. If 
 Goland, Schlimmer                                                   11 
 UPnP Forum                     UDP HTTP                    24 Aug 2000 
   the likelihood is too high then it would be expected for the proxy, 
   taking into consideration the possibility of making congestion even 
   worse, to repeat requests and responses on its own. In a sense the 
   proxy could be thought of as a signal regenerator. This is why the 
   prohibition against repeating messages is a SHOULD NOT rather than a 
   MUST NOT. 
   HTTPMU messages are sent with the assumption that the message will 
   only be seen by the multicast address they were sent to. Thus when a 
   proxy forwards the request it is expected to only do so to the 
   appropriate multicast channel. Note, however, that proxies may act 
   as multicast bridges. 
   Also note that proxied HTTPMU messages with a HTTPMU URL without an 
   absolute path are to be treated as if they were sent to the 
   specified multicast address with the request-URI "*". 
   If a HTTPMU request is sent with a host that does not resolve to a 
   multicast address then the request MUST be rejected with a 400 Bad 
   Request error. 
   There is no requirement that a HTTPU proxy support HTTPMU or vice 
   versa. 
 11.3. Design Rationale 
 11.3.1. Why would anyone proxy HTTPMU requests? 
   Proxying HTTPMU requests can be a neat way to create virtual 
   multicast channels. Just hook a bunch of proxies together with 
   unicast connections and tell the proxies' users that they are all on 
   the same multicast scope. 
 12. HTTP Headers 
 12.1. AL (Alternate Location) General Header 
 12.1.1. Problem Definition 
   There are many instances in which a system needs to provide location 
   information using multiple URIs. The LOCATION header only allows a 
   single URI. Therefore a mechanism is needed to allow multiple 
   location URIs to be returned. 
 12.1.2. Proposed Solution 
   AL = "AL" ":" 1*("<" AbsoluteURI ">") ; AbsoluteURI is defined in 
   section 3.2.1 of [RFC2616] 
   The AL header is an extension of the LOCATION header whose semantics 
   are the same as the LOCATION header. That is, the AL header allows 
   one to return multiple locations where as the LOCATION header allows 
   one to return only one. The contents of an AL header are ordered. If 
 Goland, Schlimmer                                                   12 
 UPnP Forum                     UDP HTTP                    24 Aug 2000 
   both a LOCATION header and an AL header are included in the same 
   message then the URI in the LOCATION header is to be treated as if 
   it were the first entry in the AL header. The AL header MAY be used 
   by itself but implementers should be aware that existing systems 
   will ignore the header. 
 12.1.3. Design Rationale 
 12.1.3.1. Why not just fix the BNF for the LOCATION header? 
   This is tempting but the goal of maintaining compatibility with RFC 
   2616's message format overrides the usefulness of this solution. 
 12.2. MX Request Header 
 12.2.1. Problem Definition 
   A mechanism is needed to ensure that responses to HTTPMU requests do 
   not come at a rate greater than the requestor can handle. 
 12.2.2. Proposed Solution 
   MX = "MX" ":" Integer 
   Integer = First_digit *More_digits 
   First_digit = "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" | "8" | "9" 
   More_digits = "0" | First_digit 
   The value of the MX header indicates the maximum number of seconds 
   that a multicast UDP HTTP resource MUST wait before it sends a 
   response stimulated by a multicast request. 
   HTTP resources MAY treat any MX header value greater than MX_MAX as 
   being equal to MX_MAX. 
 12.2.3. Design Rationale 
 12.2.3.1. Why is MX in seconds? 
   In practice wait periods shorter than a second proved useless and 
   longer proved too coarse. Of course as faster networks get deployed 
   finer-grain times would be useful, but we need a compromise 
   measurement that will meet everyone's needs. Seconds seem to do that 
   quite well. 
 12.2.3.2. Couldn't MX still overload the requestor if there are too 
          many responders? 
   Absolutely. If there are a 100,000 clients that want to respond even 
   pushing them over 30 seconds on a 10 Mbps link is still going to 
   blow both the client and the network away. However the only way to 
   prevent these sorts of situations is to know the current available 
   network bandwidth and the total number of likely responders ahead of 
 Goland, Schlimmer                                                   13 
 UPnP Forum                     UDP HTTP                    24 Aug 2000 
   time. Both generally prove between difficult to impossible to figure 
   out. So we are left with heuristics and the MX header. 
 12.3. S (Sequence) General Header 
 12.3.1. Problem Definition 
   A mechanism is needed to associate HTTPU/HTTPMU requests with 
   responses, as UDP does not have any connection semantics. 
 12.3.2. Proposed Solution 
   S = "S" ":" AbsoluteURI 
   The S header is a URI that is unique across the entire URI namespace 
   for all time. When an S header is sent on a HTTPU/HTTPMU request it 
   MUST be returned, with the same value, on the response. 
   If a client receives multiple responses with the same S header then 
   the client MAY assume that all the responses are in response to the 
   same request. If the messages differ from each other then the client 
   MUST behave based on the specification of the request method. 
 12.3.3. Design Rationale 
 12.3.3.1. Why do we need the S header? 
   Without an S header the only way to match requests with responses is 
   to ensure that there is enough information in the response to know 
   what request it was intended to answer. Even in that case it is 
   still possible to confuse which request a response goes to if it 
   does not have the equivalent of an S header. 
 12.3.3.2. Why aren't S headers mandatory on all requests with a 
          response? 
   Some systems don't need them. 
 12.3.3.3. Why aren't S headers guaranteed to be sequential so you could 
          do ordering? 
   Because HTTPU/HTTPMU is not interested in ordering. If one wants 
   ordering one should use TCP. 
 12.3.3.4. Do S headers allow detecting and removing duplicates? 
   Yes, for methods (like GET) that define a single responses to a 
   request. No, for methods (like SEARCH) that define multiple 
   responses to a request. 
 13. Interaction of HTTP, HTTPU and HTTPMU Messages 
 13.1. Problem Definition 
 Goland, Schlimmer                                                   14 
 UPnP Forum                     UDP HTTP                    24 Aug 2000 
   [Ed. Note: Concerns include HTTPU request redirected to HTTP? > 1 
   HTTPU responses to 1 HTTPMU request?] 
 13.2. Proposed Solution 
   TBD 
 13.3. Design Rationale 
   TBD 
 14. Security Considerations 
   All the normal HTTP security considerations apply. 
 14.1. Cookies 
   There is no danger that the S header will be used as a cookie since 
   the client generates it, and the server returns it. (A cookie is 
   generated by a server and returned by the client.) 
 14.2. Spoofing 
   Servers and multicast resources could fake S headers, but this is 
   not a major threat if some form of authentication over UDP is used. 
   (Defining authentication over UDP is beyond the scope of this 
   document, but briefly, one could assume the challenge and send the 
   authentication response as part of the HTTPU/MU request.) 
 14.3. Lost Requests 
   TBD 
 14.4. Oversized Requests 
   TBD 
 15. Acknowledgements 
   Thanks to John Stracke for his excellent comments. Dale Worley 
   devised the single-response-per-each-copy-of-request mechanism 
   outlined in the section on Retrying Requests. Chris Rude clarified 
   request URI rules. 
 16. Constants 
   MAX_RETRIES - 3 
   MAX_RETRY_INTERVAL - 10 seconds 
   MAX_MX - 120 seconds 
 17. Reference 
 Goland, Schlimmer                                                   15 
 UPnP Forum                     UDP HTTP                    24 Aug 2000 
   [RFC2119] S. Bradner. Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate 
   Requirement Levels. RFC 2119, March 1997. 
   [RFC2616] R. Fielding, J. Gettys, J. C. Mogul, H. Frystyk, L. 
   Masinter, P. Leach and T. Berners-Lee. Hypertext Transfer Protocol - 
   HTTP/1.1. RFC 2616, November 1998. 
 18. Authors' Address  
   Yaron Y. Goland 
   CrossGain 
   2039 152nd Avenue NE 
   Redmond, WA 98052 
   <mailto:yarongo@crossgain.com> 
   Jeffrey C. Schlimmer 
   Microsoft Corporation 
   One Microsoft Way 
   Redmond, WA 98052 
   <mailto:jeffsch@microsoft.com> 
 Goland, Schlimmer                                                   16 
--- a/docs/draft-leach-uuids-guids-00.txt
+++ b/docs/draft-leach-uuids-guids-00.txt
--- a/docs/draft_cai_ssdp_v1_03.txt
+++ b/docs/draft_cai_ssdp_v1_03.txt
--- a/docs/xml
+++ b/docs/xml
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
 <device>
    <serviceList>
        <service>
            <serviceType>urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:RenderingControl:1</serviceType>
 			<serviceId>RenderingControl</serviceId>
        </service>
        <service>
            <serviceType>urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:ConnectionManager:1</serviceType>
 			<serviceId>ConnectionManager</serviceId>
        </service>
        <service>
 		<Optional/>
            <serviceType>urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:AVTransport:1</serviceType>
 			<serviceId>AVTransport</serviceId>
        </service>
    </serviceList>
 </device>
--- a/docs/xml
+++ b/docs/xml
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
 <device>
    <serviceList>
        <service>
 		<Optional/>
            <serviceType>urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:AVTransport:1</serviceType>
 			<serviceId>AVTransport</serviceId>
        </service>
        <service>
            <serviceType>urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:ContentDirectory:1</serviceType>
 			<serviceId>ContentDirectory</serviceId>
        </service>
        <service>
            <serviceType>urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:ConnectionManager:1</serviceType>
 			<serviceId>ConnectionManager</serviceId>
        </service>
    </serviceList>
 </device>
--- a/docs/xml
+++ b/docs/xml
@@ -1,477 +0,0 @@
 <scpd>
    <serviceStateTable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>TransportState</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
            <allowedValueList>
                <allowedValue>STOPPED</allowedValue>
                <allowedValue>PLAYING</allowedValue>
            </allowedValueList>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>TransportStatus</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
            <allowedValueList>
                <allowedValue>OK</allowedValue>
                <allowedValue>ERROR_OCCURRED</allowedValue>           
            </allowedValueList>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>PlaybackStorageMedium</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
 	 <stateVariable>
            <name>RecordStorageMedium</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
              </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>PossiblePlaybackStorageMedia</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>PossibleRecordStorageMedia</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>CurrentPlayMode</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
            <allowedValueList>
                <allowedValue>NORMAL</allowedValue>
            </allowedValueList>
            <defaultValue>NORMAL</defaultValue>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>TransportPlaySpeed</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
 	<allowedValueList>
                <allowedValue>1</allowedValue>
            </allowedValueList>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <name>RecordMediumWriteStatus </name>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
         </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>CurrentRecordQualityMode</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
          </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>PossibleRecordQualityModes</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>NumberOfTracks</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>ui4</dataType>
 		<allowedValueRange>
 			<minimum>0</minimum>
 		</allowedValueRange>
         </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>CurrentTrack</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>ui4</dataType>
 		<allowedValueRange>
 			<minimum>0</minimum>
 			<step>1</step>
 		</allowedValueRange>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>CurrentTrackDuration</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
 	  <stateVariable>
            <name>CurrentMediaDuration</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>CurrentTrackMetaData</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>CurrentTrackURI</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>AVTransportURI</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>AVTransportURIMetaData</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>NextAVTransportURI</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>NextAVTransportURIMetaData</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>RelativeTimePosition</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>AbsoluteTimePosition</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>RelativeCounterPosition</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>i4</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>AbsoluteCounterPosition</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>i4</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
 		<Optional/>
            <name>CurrentTransportActions</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>LastChange</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>yes</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>A_ARG_TYPE_SeekMode</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
            <allowedValueList>
                 <allowedValue>TRACK_NR</allowedValue>
            </allowedValueList>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>A_ARG_TYPE_SeekTarget</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>ui4</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
    </serviceStateTable>
    <actionList>
        <action>
            <name>SetAVTransportURI</name>
            <argumentList>
                <argument>
                    <name>InstanceID</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>CurrentURI</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>AVTransportURI</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>CurrentURIMetaData</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>AVTransportURIMetaData</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
            </argumentList>
        </action>
        <action>	<Optional/>
            <name>SetNextAVTransportURI</name>
            <argumentList>
                <argument>
                    <name>InstanceID</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>NextURI</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>NextAVTransportURI</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>NextURIMetaData</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>NextAVTransportURIMetaData</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
            </argumentList>
        </action>
        <action>
            <name>GetMediaInfo</name>
            <argumentList>
                <argument>
                    <name>InstanceID</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                 <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>NrTracks</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>NumberOfTracks</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
 <argument>
                    <name>MediaDuration</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>CurrentMediaDuration</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>CurrentURI</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>AVTransportURI</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
 		    <argument>
                    <name>CurrentURIMetaData</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>AVTransportURIMetaData</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>NextURI</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>NextAVTransportURI</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
 		    <argument>
                    <name>NextURIMetaData</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>NextAVTransportURIMetaData</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>PlayMedium</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>PlaybackStorageMedium</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
 <argument>
                    <name>RecordMedium</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>RecordStorageMedium</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>WriteStatus</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>RecordMediumWriteStatus </relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
            </argumentList>
        </action>
        <action>
            <name>GetTransportInfo</name>
            <argumentList>
                <argument>
                    <name>InstanceID</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>CurrentTransportState</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>TransportState</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>CurrentTransportStatus</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>TransportStatus</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>CurrentSpeed</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>TransportPlaySpeed</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
            </argumentList>
        </action>
        <action>
            <name>GetPositionInfo</name>
            <argumentList>
                <argument>
                    <name>InstanceID</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>Track</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>CurrentTrack</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>TrackDuration</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>CurrentTrackDuration</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>TrackMetaData</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>CurrentTrackMetaData</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>TrackURI</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>CurrentTrackURI</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>RelTime</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>RelativeTimePosition</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>AbsTime</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>AbsoluteTimePosition</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>RelCount</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>RelativeCounterPosition</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>AbsCount</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>AbsoluteCounterPosition</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
            </argumentList>
        </action>
        <action>
            <name>GetDeviceCapabilities</name>
            <argumentList>
                <argument>
                    <name>InstanceID</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>PlayMedia</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>PossiblePlaybackStorageMedia</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>RecMedia</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>PossibleRecordStorageMedia</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>RecQualityModes</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>PossibleRecordQualityModes</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
            </argumentList>
        </action>
        <action>
            <name>GetTransportSettings</name>
            <argumentList>
                <argument>
                    <name>InstanceID</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>PlayMode</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>CurrentPlayMode</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>RecQualityMode</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                 <relatedStateVariable>CurrentRecordQualityMode</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
            </argumentList>
        </action>
        <action>
            <name>Stop</name>
            <argumentList>
                <argument>
                    <name>InstanceID</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
            </argumentList>
        </action>
        <action>
            <name>Play</name>
            <argumentList>
                <argument>
                    <name>InstanceID</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>Speed</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>TransportPlaySpeed</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
            </argumentList>
        </action>
        <action>	<Optional/>
            <name>Pause</name>
            <argumentList>
                <argument>
                    <name>InstanceID</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
            </argumentList>
        </action>
        <action>	<Optional/>
            <name>Record</name>
            <argumentList>
                <argument>
                    <name>InstanceID</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
            </argumentList>
        </action>
        <action>
            <name>Seek</name>
            <argumentList>
                <argument>
                    <name>InstanceID</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>Unit</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_SeekMode</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>Target</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_SeekTarget</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
            </argumentList>
        </action>
        <action>
            <name>Next</name>
            <argumentList>
                <argument>
                    <name>InstanceID</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
            </argumentList>
        </action>
        <action>
            <name>Previous</name>
            <argumentList>
                <argument>
                    <name>InstanceID</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
            </argumentList>
        </action>
        <action>	<Optional/>
            <name>SetPlayMode</name>
            <argumentList>
                <argument>
                    <name>InstanceID</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>NewPlayMode</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>CurrentPlayMode</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
            </argumentList>
        </action>
        <action>	<Optional/>
            <name>SetRecordQualityMode</name>
            <argumentList>
                <argument>
                    <name>InstanceID</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>NewRecordQualityMode</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>CurrentRecordQualityMode</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
            </argumentList>
        </action>
        <action>	<Optional/>
            <name>GetCurrentTransportActions</name>
            <argumentList>
                <argument>
                    <name>InstanceID</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>Actions</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>CurrentTransportActions</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
            </argumentList>
        </action>
    </actionList>
 </scpd>
--- a/docs/xml
+++ b/docs/xml
@@ -1,170 +0,0 @@
 <scpd>
    <serviceStateTable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>SourceProtocolInfo</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>yes</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>SinkProtocolInfo</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>yes</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>CurrentConnectionIDs</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>yes</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>A_ARG_TYPE_ConnectionStatus</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
            <allowedValueList>
                <allowedValue>OK</allowedValue>
                <allowedValue>ContentFormatMismatch</allowedValue>
                <allowedValue>InsufficientBandwidth</allowedValue>
                <allowedValue>UnreliableChannel</allowedValue>
                <allowedValue>Unknown</allowedValue>
            </allowedValueList>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>A_ARG_TYPE_ConnectionManager</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>A_ARG_TYPE_Direction</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
            <allowedValueList>
                <allowedValue>Input</allowedValue>
                <allowedValue>Output</allowedValue>
            </allowedValueList>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>A_ARG_TYPE_ProtocolInfo</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>string</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>A_ARG_TYPE_ConnectionID</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>i4</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>A_ARG_TYPE_AVTransportID</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>i4</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
        <stateVariable>
            <name>A_ARG_TYPE_RcsID</name>
            <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
            <dataType>i4</dataType>
        </stateVariable>
    </serviceStateTable>
 <actionList>
        <action>
            <name>GetProtocolInfo</name>
            <argumentList>
                <argument>
                    <name>Source</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>               <relatedStateVariable>SourceProtocolInfo</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>Sink</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>               <relatedStateVariable>SinkProtocolInfo</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
            </argumentList>
        </action>
 	  <action>
 	  <Optional/>
            <name>PrepareForConnection</name>
            <argumentList>
                <argument>
                    <name>RemoteProtocolInfo</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_ProtocolInfo</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>PeerConnectionManager</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                  <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_ConnectionManager</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>PeerConnectionID</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_ConnectionID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>Direction</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Direction</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>ConnectionID</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_ConnectionID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>AVTransportID</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_AVTransportID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>RcsID</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_RcsID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
            </argumentList>
        </action>
        <action>
 	  <Optional/>
            <name>ConnectionComplete</name>
            <argumentList>
                <argument>
                    <name>ConnectionID</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_ConnectionID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
            </argumentList>
        </action>
        <action>
            <name>GetCurrentConnectionIDs</name>
            <argumentList>
                <argument>
                    <name>ConnectionIDs</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>CurrentConnectionIDs</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
            </argumentList>
        </action>
        <action>
            <name>GetCurrentConnectionInfo</name>
            <argumentList>
                <argument>
                    <name>ConnectionID</name>
                    <direction>in</direction>                   <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_ConnectionID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>RcsID</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_RcsID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>AVTransportID</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_AVTransportID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>ProtocolInfo</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_ProtocolInfo</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>PeerConnectionManager</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_ConnectionManager</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
             <argument>
                    <name>PeerConnectionID</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                   <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_ConnectionID</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>Direction</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Direction</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
                <argument>
                    <name>Status</name>
                    <direction>out</direction>                    <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_ConnectionStatus</relatedStateVariable>
                </argument>
            </argumentList>
        </action>
    </actionList>
 </scpd>
--- a/docs/xml
+++ b/docs/xml
@@ -1,405 +0,0 @@
 <scpd>
  <serviceStateTable>
    <stateVariable> <Optional/>
      <name>TransferIDs</name>
 <sendEventsAttribute>yes</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>string</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable>
      <name>A_ARG_TYPE_ObjectID</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>string</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable>
      <name>A_ARG_TYPE_Result</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>string</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable> <Optional/>
      <name>A_ARG_TYPE_SearchCriteria</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>string</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable>
      <name>A_ARG_TYPE_BrowseFlag</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>string</dataType>
 <allowedValueList>
        <allowedValue>BrowseMetadata</allowedValue>
        <allowedValue>BrowseDirectChildren</allowedValue>
      </allowedValueList>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable> 
      <name>A_ARG_TYPE_Filter</name>
 <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>string</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable>
      <name>A_ARG_TYPE_SortCriteria</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>string</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable>
      <name>A_ARG_TYPE_Index</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>ui4</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable>
      <name>A_ARG_TYPE_Count</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>ui4</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable>
      <name>A_ARG_TYPE_UpdateID</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>ui4</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable> <Optional/>
      <name>A_ARG_TYPE_TransferID</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>ui4</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable> <Optional/>
      <name>A_ARG_TYPE_TransferStatus</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>string</dataType>
      <allowedValueList>
        <allowedValue>COMPLETED</allowedValue>
        <allowedValue>ERROR</allowedValue>
        <allowedValue>IN_PROGRESS</allowedValue>
        <allowedValue>STOPPED</allowedValue>
      </allowedValueList>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable> <Optional/>
      <name>A_ARG_TYPE_TransferLength</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>string</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable> <Optional/>
      <name>A_ARG_TYPE_TransferTotal</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>string</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable> <Optional/>
      <name>A_ARG_TYPE_TagValueList</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>string</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable> <Optional/>
      <name>A_ARG_TYPE_URI</name> 
 <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>uri</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable>
      <name>SearchCapabilities</name>
 <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>string</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable>
      <name>SortCapabilities</name>
 <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>string</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable>
      <name>SystemUpdateID</name>
 <sendEventsAttribute>yes</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>ui4</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable> <Optional/>
      <name>ContainerUpdateIDs</name>
 <sendEventsAttribute>yes</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>string</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
  </serviceStateTable>
  <actionList>
    <action>
    <name>GetSearchCapabilities</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>SearchCaps</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>SearchCapabilities </relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action>
    <name>GetSortCapabilities</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>SortCaps</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>SortCapabilities</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action>
    <name>GetSystemUpdateID</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>Id</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>SystemUpdateID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action>
    <name>Browse</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>ObjectID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_ObjectID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>BrowseFlag</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_BrowseFlag</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>Filter</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Filter</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>StartingIndex</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Index</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>RequestedCount</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Count</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>SortCriteria</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_SortCriteria</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>Result</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Result</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>NumberReturned</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Count</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>TotalMatches</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Count</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>UpdateID</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_UpdateID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>Search</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>ContainerID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_ObjectID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>SearchCriteria</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_SearchCriteria </relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>Filter</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Filter</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>StartingIndex</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Index</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>RequestedCount</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Count</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>SortCriteria</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_SortCriteria</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>Result</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Result</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>NumberReturned</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Count</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>TotalMatches</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Count</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>UpdateID</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_UpdateID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>CreateObject</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>ContainerID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_ObjectID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>Elements</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Result</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>ObjectID</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_ObjectID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>Result</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Result</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>DestroyObject</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>ObjectID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_ObjectID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>UpdateObject</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>ObjectID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_ObjectID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>CurrentTagValue</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_TagValueList </relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>NewTagValue</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_TagValueList </relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>ImportResource</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>SourceURI</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_URI</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>DestinationURI</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_URI</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>TransferID</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_TransferID </relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>ExportResource</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>SourceURI</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_URI</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>DestinationURI</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_URI</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>TransferID</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_TransferID </relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>StopTransferResource</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>TransferID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_TransferID </relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>GetTransferProgress</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>TransferID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_TransferID </relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>TransferStatus</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_TransferStatus </relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>TransferLength</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_TransferLength </relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>TransferTotal</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_TransferTotal</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>DeleteResource</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>ResourceURI</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_URI</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>CreateReference</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>ContainerID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_ObjectID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>ObjectID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_ObjectID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
  	<argument>
          <name>NewID</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_ObjectID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
  </actionList>
 </scpd>
--- a/docs/xml
+++ b/docs/xml
@@ -1,718 +0,0 @@
 <scpd>
  <serviceStateTable>
    <stateVariable>
      <name>PresetNameList</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>string</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable> 
      <name>LastChange</name> <sendEventsAttribute>yes</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>string</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable><Optional/>
      <name>Brightness</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>ui2</dataType>
 	<allowedValueRange>
 		<minimum>0</minimum>
 		<step>1</step>
 	</allowedValueRange>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable><Optional/>
      <name>Contrast</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>ui2</dataType>
 	<allowedValueRange>
 		<minimum>0</minimum>
 		<step>1</step>
 	</allowedValueRange>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable><Optional/>
      <name>Sharpness</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>ui2</dataType>
 	<allowedValueRange>
 		<minimum>0</minimum>
 		<step>1</step>
 	</allowedValueRange>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable><Optional/>
      <name>RedVideoGain</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>ui2</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable><Optional/>
      <name>GreenVideoGain</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>ui2</dataType>
 	<allowedValueRange>
 		<minimum>0</minimum>
 		<step>1</step>
 	</allowedValueRange>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable><Optional/>
      <name>BlueVideoGain</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>ui2</dataType>
 	<allowedValueRange>
 		<minimum>0</minimum>
 		<step>1</step>
 	</allowedValueRange>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable><Optional/>
      <name>RedVideoBlackLevel</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>ui2</dataType>
 	<allowedValueRange>
 		<minimum>0</minimum>
 		<step>1</step>
 	</allowedValueRange>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable><Optional/>
      <name>GreenVideoBlackLevel</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>ui2</dataType>
 	<allowedValueRange>
 		<minimum>0</minimum>
 		<step>1</step>
 	</allowedValueRange>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable><Optional/>
      <name>BlueVideoBlackLevel</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>ui2</dataType>
 	<allowedValueRange>
 		<minimum>0</minimum>
 		<step>1</step>
 	</allowedValueRange>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable><Optional/>
      <name>ColorTemperature</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>ui2</dataType>
 	<allowedValueRange>
 		<minimum>0</minimum>
 		<step>1</step>
 	</allowedValueRange>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable><Optional/>
      <name>HorizontalKeystone</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>i2</dataType>
 	<allowedValueRange>
 		<step>1</step>
 	</allowedValueRange>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable><Optional/>
      <name>VerticalKeystone</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>i2</dataType>
 	<allowedValueRange>
 		<step>1</step>
 	</allowedValueRange>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable><Optional/>
      <name>Mute</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>boolean</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable><Optional/>
      <name>Volume</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>ui2</dataType>
 	<allowedValueRange>
 		<minimum>0</minimum>
 		<step>1</step>
 	</allowedValueRange>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable><Optional/>
      <name>VolumeDB</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>i2</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable><Optional/>
      <name>Loudness</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>boolean</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable><Optional/>
      <name>A_ARG_TYPE_Channel</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>string</dataType>
      <allowedValueList>
        <allowedValue>Master</allowedValue>
      </allowedValueList>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable><Optional/>
      <name>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>ui4</dataType>
    </stateVariable>
    <stateVariable>
      <name>A_ARG_TYPE_PresetName</name> <sendEventsAttribute>no</sendEventsAttribute>
      <dataType>string</dataType>
      <allowedValueList>
        <allowedValue>FactoryDefaults</allowedValue>
      </allowedValueList>
    </stateVariable>
  </serviceStateTable>
  <actionList>
    <action>
    <name>ListPresets</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>CurrentPresetNameList</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>PresetNameList</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action>
    <name>SelectPreset</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>PresetName</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_PresetName</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>GetBrightness</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>CurrentBrightness</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>Brightness</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>SetBrightness</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>DesiredBrightness</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>Brightness</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>GetContrast</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>CurrentContrast</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>Contrast</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>SetContrast</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>DesiredContrast</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>Contrast</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>GetSharpness</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>CurrentSharpness</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>Sharpness</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>SetSharpness</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>DesiredSharpness</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>Sharpness</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>GetRedVideoGain</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>CurrentRedVideoGain</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>RedVideoGain</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>SetRedVideoGain</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>DesiredRedVideoGain</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>RedVideoGain</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>GetGreenVideoGain</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>CurrentGreenVideoGain</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>GreenVideoGain</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>SetGreenVideoGain</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>DesiredGreenVideoGain</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>GreenVideoGain</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>GetBlueVideoGain</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>CurrentBlueVideoGain</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>BlueVideoGain</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>SetBlueVideoGain</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>DesiredBlueVideoGain</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>BlueVideoGain</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
   <action><Optional/>
    <name>GetRedVideoBlackLevel</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>CurrentRedVideoBlackLevel</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>RedVideoBlackLevel</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>SetRedVideoBlackLevel</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>DesiredRedVideoBlackLevel</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>RedVideoBlackLevel</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>GetGreenVideoBlackLevel</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>CurrentGreenVideoBlackLevel</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>GreenVideoBlackLevel</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>SetGreenVideoBlackLevel</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>DesiredGreenVideoBlackLevel</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>GreenVideoBlackLevel</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>GetBlueVideoBlackLevel</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>CurrentBlueVideoBlackLevel</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>BlueVideoBlackLevel</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>SetBlueVideoBlackLevel</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>DesiredBlueVideoBlackLevel</name>
    <direction>in</direction>
  <relatedStateVariable>BlueVideoBlackLevel</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>GetColorTemperature </name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>CurrentColorTemperature</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>ColorTemperature</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>SetColorTemperature</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>DesiredColorTemperature</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>ColorTemperature</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>GetHorizontalKeystone</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>CurrentHorizontalKeystone</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>HorizontalKeystone</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>SetHorizontalKeystone</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>DesiredHorizontalKeystone</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>HorizontalKeystone</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>GetVerticalKeystone</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>CurrentVerticalKeystone</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>VerticalKeystone</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>SetVerticalKeystone</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>DesiredVerticalKeystone</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>VerticalKeystone</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>GetMute</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>Channel</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Channel</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>CurrentMute</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>Mute</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>SetMute</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>Channel</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Channel</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>DesiredMute</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>Mute</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>GetVolume</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>Channel</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Channel</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>CurrentVolume</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>Volume</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>SetVolume</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>Channel</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Channel</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>DesiredVolume</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>Volume</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>GetVolumeDB</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>Channel</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Channel</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>CurrentVolume</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>VolumeDB</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>SetVolumeDB</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>Channel</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Channel</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>DesiredVolume</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>VolumeDB</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>GetVolumeDBRange</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>Channel</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Channel</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>MinValue</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>VolumeDB</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>MaxValue</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>VolumeDB</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>GetLoudness</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>Channel</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Channel</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>CurrentLoudness</name>
          <direction>out</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>Loudness</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
    <action><Optional/>
    <name>SetLoudness</name>
      <argumentList>
        <argument>
          <name>InstanceID</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_InstanceID</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>Channel</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>A_ARG_TYPE_Channel</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
        <argument>
          <name>DesiredLoudness</name>
          <direction>in</direction>
          <relatedStateVariable>Loudness</relatedStateVariable>
        </argument>
      </argumentList>
    </action>
  </actionList>
 </scpd>
--- a/docs/xml
+++ b/docs/xml
@@ -1,168 +0,0 @@
 <ServiceControlSyntaxTestCases>
 	<ServiceType>AVTransport</ServiceType>
 	<ServiceVersion>1</ServiceVersion>
 	<TestCaseList>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>1</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>SetAVTransportURI</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<CurrentURI>any-string</CurrentURI>			
 				<CurrentURIMetaData>any-string</CurrentURIMetaData>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>2</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>SetNextAVTransportURI</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<NextURI>any-string</NextURI>			
 				<NextURIMetaData>any-string</NextURIMetaData>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>3</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetMediaInfo</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>4</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetTransportInfo</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>5</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetPositionInfo</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>6</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetDeviceCapabilities</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>7</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetTransportSettings</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>8</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>Stop</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>9</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>Play</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<Speed>1</Speed>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>10</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>Pause</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>11</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>Record</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>	
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>12</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>Seek</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<Unit>TRACK_NR</Unit>
 				<Target>1</Target>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>13</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>Next</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>14</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>Previous</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>15</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>SetPlayMode</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<NewPlayMode>NORMAL</NewPlayMode>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>16</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>SetRecordQualityMode</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<NewRecordQualityMode>any-string</NewRecordQualityMode>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>17</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetCurrentTransportActions</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 	</TestCaseList>
 </ServiceControlSyntaxTestCases>
--- a/docs/xml
+++ b/docs/xml
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
 <ServiceControlSyntaxTestCases>
 	<ServiceType>ConnectionManager</ServiceType>
 	<ServiceVersion>1</ServiceVersion>
 	<TestCaseList>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>1</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetProtocolInfo</ActionName>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>2</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>PrepareForConnection</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<RemoteProtocolInfo>any-string</RemoteProtocolInfo>
 				<PeerConnectionManager>any-string</PeerConnectionManager>
 				<PeerConnectionID>-1</PeerConnectionID>
 				<Direction>Input</Direction>
 			</InArgs>	
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>3</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>ConnectionComplete</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<ConnectionID>0</ConnectionID>
 			</InArgs>	
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>4</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetCurrentConnectionIDs</ActionName>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>5</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetCurrentConnectionInfo</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<ConnectionID>0</ConnectionID>
 			</InArgs>	
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 	</TestCaseList>
 </ServiceControlSyntaxTestCases>
--- a/docs/xml
+++ b/docs/xml
@@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
 <ServiceControlSyntaxTestCases>
 	<ServiceType>ContentDirectory</ServiceType>
 	<ServiceVersion>1</ServiceVersion>
 	<TestCaseList>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>1</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetSearchCapabilities</ActionName>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>2</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetSortCapabilities</ActionName>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>3</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetSystemUpdateID</ActionName>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>4</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>Browse</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<ObjectID>0</ObjectID>
 				<BrowseFlag>BrowseMetadata</BrowseFlag>
 				<Filter>dc:title</Filter>
 				<StartingIndex>0</StartingIndex>
 				<RequestedCount>0</RequestedCount>
 				<SortCriteria></SortCriteria>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>5</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>Search</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<ContainerID>0</ContainerID>
 				<SearchCriteria>dc:title contains "Rock"</SearchCriteria>
 				<Filter>dc:title</Filter>
 				<StartingIndex>0</StartingIndex>
 				<RequestedCount>0</RequestedCount>
 				<SortCriteria></SortCriteria>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>6</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>CreateObject</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<ContainerID>0</ContainerID>
 					<Elements>
 						&lt;DIDL-Lite xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:upnp="urn:schemas-upnp-org:metadata-1-0/upnp/" xmlns="urn:schemas-upnp-org:metadata-1-0/DIDL-Lite/"&gt;
 							&lt;item id="" parentID="0" restricted="false"&gt;
 								&lt;dc:title&gt;Test Object - CDS Syntax Text Case #6&lt;/dc:title&gt;
 								&lt;upnp:class&gt;object.item&lt;/upnp:class&gt;
 							&lt;/item&gt;
 						&lt;/DIDL-Lite&gt;
 					</Elements>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>7</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>DestroyObject</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<ObjectID>0</ObjectID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>8</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>UpdateObject</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<ObjectID>0</ObjectID>
 				<CurrentTagValue>any-string</CurrentTagValue>
 				<NewTagValue>any-string</NewTagValue>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>9</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>ImportResource</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<SourceURI>http://host/path/file</SourceURI>
 				<DestinationURI>http://host/path/file</DestinationURI>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>10</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>ExportResource</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<SourceURI>http://host/path/file</SourceURI>
 				<DestinationURI>http://host/path/file</DestinationURI>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>11</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>StopTransferResource</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<TransferID>0</TransferID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>12</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetTransferProgress</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<TransferID>0</TransferID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>13</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>DeleteResource</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<ResourceURI>http://host/path/file</ResourceURI>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>14</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>CreateReference</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<ContainerID>0</ContainerID>
 				<ObjectID>0</ObjectID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 	</TestCaseList>
 </ServiceControlSyntaxTestCases>
--- a/docs/xml
+++ b/docs/xml
@@ -1,347 +0,0 @@
 <ServiceControlSyntaxTestCases>
 	<ServiceType>RenderingControl</ServiceType>
 	<ServiceVersion>1</ServiceVersion>
 	<TestCaseList>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>1</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>ListPresets</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>2</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>SelectPreset</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<PresetName>FactoryDefaults</PresetName>	
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>3</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetBrightness</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>4</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>SetBrightness</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<DesiredBrightness>0</DesiredBrightness>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>5</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetContrast</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>6</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>SetContrast</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<DesiredContrast>0</DesiredContrast>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>7</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetRedVideoGain</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>8</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>SetRedVideoGain</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<DesiredRedVideoGain>0</DesiredRedVideoGain>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>9</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetGreenVideoGain</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>10</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>SetGreenVideoGain</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<DesiredGreenVideoGain>0</DesiredGreenVideoGain>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>11</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetBlueVideoGain</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>12</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>SetBlueVideoGain</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<DesiredBlueVideoGain>0</DesiredBlueVideoGain>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>13</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetRedVideoBlackLevel</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>14</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>SetRedVideoBlackLevel</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<DesiredRedVideoBlackLevel>0</DesiredRedVideoBlackLevel>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>15</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetGreenVideoBlackLevel</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>16</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>SetGreenVideoBlackLevel</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<DesiredGreenVideoBlackLevel>0</DesiredGreenVideoBlackLevel>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>17</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetBlueVideoBlackLevel</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>18</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>SetBlueVideoBlackLevel</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<DesiredBlueVideoBlackLevel>0</DesiredBlueVideoBlackLevel>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>19</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetColorTemperature</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>20</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>SetColorTemperature</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<DesiredColorTemperature>0</DesiredColorTemperature>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>21</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetHorizontalKeystone</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>22</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>SetHorizontalKeystone</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<DesiredHorizontalKeystone>0</DesiredHorizontalKeystone>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>23</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetVerticalKeystone</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>24</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>SetVerticalKeystone</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<DesiredVerticalKeystone>0</DesiredVerticalKeystone>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>25</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetSharpness</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>26</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>SetSharpness</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<DesiredSharpness>0</DesiredSharpness>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>27</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetMute</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<Channel>Master</Channel>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>28</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>SetMute</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<Channel>Master</Channel>
 				<DesiredMute>1</DesiredMute>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>29</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetVolume</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<Channel>Master</Channel>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>30</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>SetVolume</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<Channel>Master</Channel>
 				<DesiredVolume>0</DesiredVolume>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>31</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetVolumeDB</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<Channel>Master</Channel>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>32</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>SetVolumeDB</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<Channel>Master</Channel>
 				<DesiredVolume>0</DesiredVolume>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>33</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetVolumeDBRange</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<Channel>Master</Channel>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>34</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>GetLoudness</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<Channel>Master</Channel>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 		<TestCase>
 			<Id>35</Id>
 			<Category>Valid Action And Valid InArgs</Category>
 			<ActionName>SetLoudness</ActionName>
 			<InArgs>
 				<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
 				<Channel>Master</Channel>
 				<DesiredLoudness>1</DesiredLoudness>
 			</InArgs>
 			<ExpectedReturnCode>ACTION_AND_INARGS_ARE_VALID</ExpectedReturnCode>
 		</TestCase>
 	</TestCaseList>
 </ServiceControlSyntaxTestCases>
--- a/pydvdread/init.py
+++ b/pydvdread/init.py
@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 from cdvdread import *
 import itertools
 import sys
 class DVDReadError(Exception):
 	pass
 __all__ = [	'DVD',
 	]
 dvd_domain_valid = [ DVD_READ_INFO_FILE, DVD_READ_INFO_BACKUP_FILE,
 		DVD_READ_MENU_VOBS, DVD_READ_TITLE_VOBS, ]
 dvd_domain_valid_names = [ 'DVD_READ_INFO_FILE', 'DVD_READ_INFO_BACKUP_FILE',
 		'DVD_READ_MENU_VOBS', 'DVD_READ_TITLE_VOBS', ]
 try:
 	dvd_domain_valid = set(dvd_domain_valid)
 except NameError:
 	pass
 # Make sure the library matches what we are compiled for
 assert DVDREAD_VERSION == DVDVersion()
 DVDInit()
 def attribreprlist(obj, attrs):
 	return map(lambda x, y = obj: '%s: %s' % (x, repr(getattr(y, x))), itertools.ifilter(lambda x, y = obj: hasattr(y, x), attrs))
 def bcdtoint(bcd):
        base = 1
        ret = 0
        while bcd:
                assert bcd % 16 < 10, 'invalid bcd digit in: %#x' % bcd
                ret += bcd % 16 * base
                base *= 10
                bcd /= 16
        return ret
 class DVDTime:
 	'''Should be able to perform math, though until I get the frame rate bit info, I really can't do anything about it.'''
 	__slots__ = [ '_hour', '_minute', '_second', '_frame_u', '_rate', '_seconds', '_frames' ]
 	hour = property(lambda x: x._hour)
 	minute = property(lambda x: x._minute)
 	second = property(lambda x: x._second)
 	frame = property(lambda x: x._frame)
 	rate = property(lambda x: x._rate)
 	ratestr = property(lambda x: x._ratestr)
 	seconds = property(lambda x: x._seconds)
 	frames = property(lambda x: x._frames)
 	def __init__(self, dt):
 		'''Take a dvd time object that has the attributes hour, minute, second and frame_u (bits 6-7 are frame rate, bits 0-5 is frame.'''
 		self._hour = bcdtoint(dt.hour)
 		self._minute = bcdtoint(dt.minute)
 		self._second = bcdtoint(dt.second)
 		self._frame = bcdtoint(dt.frame_u & 0x3f)
 		fr = (dt.frame_u & 0xc0) >> 6
 		assert fr in (1, 3), 'Unknown frame rate: %d' % fr
 		self._rate = [-1, 25.0, -1, 29.97 ][fr]
 		self._ratestr = [-1, '25.0', -1, '29.97' ][fr]
 		self._seconds = (self._hour * 60 + self._minute) * 60 + self._second + self._frame / self._rate
 		self._frames = self._seconds * self._rate
 	def __int__(self):
 		return int(self._seconds)
 	def __float__(self):
 		return self._seconds
 	def __repr__(self):
 		return '%s@%s' % (str(self), self.ratestr)
 	def hhmmss(self):
 		return '%02d:%02d:%02d' % (self._hour, self._minute, self._second)
 	def __str__(self):
 		return '%02d:%02d:%02d.%02d' % (self._hour, self._minute, self._second, self._frame)
 class audio_attr:
 	pos = property(lambda x: x._pos)
 	lang = property(lambda x: x._lang)
 	audio_format = property(lambda x: x._audio_format)
 	lang_type = property(lambda x: x._lang_type)
 	application_mode = property(lambda x: x._application_mode)
 	quantization = property(lambda x: x._quantization)
 	sample_frequency = property(lambda x: x._sample_frequency)
 	channels = property(lambda x: x._channels)
 	def __init__(self, audioattr, pos):
 		self._pos = pos
 		lc = audioattr.lang_code
 		self._lang = chr(lc>>8) + chr(lc & 255)
 		self._audio_format = audioattr.audio_format
 		self._lang_type = audioattr.lang_type
 		self._application_mode = audioattr.application_mode
 		self._quantization = audioattr.quantization
 		self._sample_frequency = audioattr.sample_frequency
 		self._channels = audioattr.channels
 	def __repr__(self):
 		v = [ 'pos', 'lang', 'sample_frequency', 'channels' ]
 		return '<audio_attr: %s>' % ', '.join(attribreprlist(self, v))
 class IFO:
 	ifodata = None		# __del__
 	# VMGI
 	vmgi_mat = property(lambda x: x.ifodata.vmgi_mat)
 	tt_srpt = property(lambda x: x.ifodata.tt_srpt)
 	first_play_pgc = property(lambda x: x.ifodata.first_play_pgc)
 	ptl_mait = property(lambda x: x.ifodata.ptl_mait)
 	vts_atrt = property(lambda x: x.ifodata.vts_atrt)
 	txtdt_mgi = property(lambda x: x.ifodata.txtdt_mgi)
 	# Common
 	pgci_ut = property(lambda x: x.ifodata.pgci_ut)
 	menu_c_adt = property(lambda x: x.ifodata.menu_c_adt)
 	menu_vobu_admap = property(lambda x: x.ifodata.menu_vobu_admap)
 	# VTSI
 	vtsi_mat = property(lambda x: x.ifodata.vtsi_mat)
 	vts_ptt_srpt = property(lambda x: x.ifodata.vts_ptt_srpt)
 	vts_pgcit = property(lambda x: x.ifodata.vts_pgcit)
 	vts_tmapt = property(lambda x: x.ifodata.vts_tmapt)
 	vts_c_adt = property(lambda x: x.ifodata.vts_c_adt)
 	vts_vobu_admap = property(lambda x: x.ifodata.vts_vobu_admap)
 	def __init__(self, dvd, i):
 		self.ifodata = ifoOpen(dvd.dvdreader, i)
 		self.dvd = dvd
 		self.audio = {}
 		if i:
 			# we are a VTS, populate some data
 			for i in xrange(self.vtsi_mat.nr_of_vts_audio_streams):
 				j = audio_attr(audio_attr_getitem(
 				    self.vtsi_mat.vts_audio_attr, i), i)
 				self.audio[j.lang] = j
 	def __del__(self):
 		if self.ifodata:
 			ifoClose(self.ifodata)
 		self.ifodata = None
 class DVDProgram:
 	'''This represents a chapter in a title.'''
 	time = property(lambda x: x._time)
 	size = property(lambda x: x._size)
 	def __init__(self, dvdtitle, cpb):
 		self.dvdtitle = dvdtitle
 		self.cpb = cpb
 		self._time = DVDTime(self.cpb.playback_time)
 		self._size = (self.cpb.last_sector - self.cpb.first_sector +
 		    1)  * self.dvdtitle.dvd.blocksize
 	def blockiter(self, blkcnt = 16):
 		# last isn't inclusive
 		last = self.cpb.last_sector + 1
 		for i in xrange(self.cpb.first_sector, last, blkcnt):
 			yield self.dvdtitle.vob.pread(min(blkcnt, last - i), i)
 	def __iter__(self):
 		blklen = self.dvdtitle.dvd.blocksize
 		for i in self.blockiter():
 			for j in xrange(0, len(i), blklen):
 				yield i[j:j + blklen]
 	def __repr__(self):
 		return '<DVDProgram: Time: %s>' % \
 		    DVDTime(self.cpb.playback_time)
 class DVDFile:
 	dvdfile = None		# __del__
 	def __init__(self, dvd, vts, dom):
 		assert dom in dvd_domain_valid, 'Must be one of: %s' % `dvd_domain_valid_names`
 		self.dvdfile = DVDOpenFile(dvd.dvdreader, vts, dom)
 		if self.dvdfile is None:
 			raise ValueError, 'DVD file (%d, %d) does not exist' % (vts, dom)
 		self.vts = vts
 		self.dom = dom
 		self.dvd = dvd
 	def __del__(self):
 		if self.dvdfile:
 			DVDCloseFile(self.dvdfile)
 		self.dvdfile = None
 	def pread(self, nblocks, blkoff):
 		assert self.dom in (DVD_READ_MENU_VOBS, DVD_READ_TITLE_VOBS), \
 		    'Must be of type DVD_READ_MENU_VOBS or DVD_READ_TITLE_VOBS.'
 		buf = malloc_void(nblocks * self.dvd.blocksize)
 		assert buf, 'buf allocation failed'
 		try:
 			b = DVDReadBlocks(self.dvdfile, blkoff, nblocks,
 			    voidptr_to_ucharptr(buf))
 			ret = cdata(buf, b * self.dvd.blocksize)
 			return ret
 		finally:
 			free_void(buf)
 	def seek(self, pos, whence = 0):
 		assert whence == 0, 'Only SEEK_SET is supported'
 		return DVDFileSeek(self.dvdfile, pos)
 	def read(self, *args):
 		if len(args) == 0:
 			#read it all
 			res = []
 			data = 1
 			while data:
 				data = self.read(65536)
 				res.append(data)
 			return ''.join(res)
 		assert len(args) == 1, 'Only takes one argument: count'
 		buf = malloc_void(*args)
 		assert buf, 'buf allocation failed'
 		try:
 			b = DVDReadBytes(self.dvdfile, buf, *args)
 			ret = cdata(buf, b)
 			return ret
 		finally:
 			free_void(buf)
 	def __len__(self):
 		return DVDFileSize(self.dvdfile) * self.dvd.blocksize
 class DVDTitle:
 	'''This is a title.'''
 	time = property(lambda x: x._time)
 	audio = property(lambda x: x.vts.audio)
 	def selectaudio(self, lang):
 		if isinstance(lang, basestring):
 			lang = [ lang ]
 		for l in lang:
 			try:
 				return self.audio[l]
 			except KeyError:
 				pass
 		for l in self.lang:
 			if l.pos == 0:
 				return l
 	def __init__(self, dvd, vts, ttu):
 		'''dvd is of class DVD, vts is the vts number one based, and ttu is the sub-vts one based.'''
 		self.dvd = dvd
 		self.vts = dvd.getifo(vts)
 		assert ttu > 0 and ttu <= self.vts.vts_pgcit.nr_of_pgci_srp
 		self.pgci = pgci_srp_getitem(self.vts.vts_pgcit.pgci_srp, ttu - 1).pgc
 		self.ttu = ttu
 		self.vob = DVDFile(dvd, vts, DVD_READ_TITLE_VOBS)
 		self._time = DVDTime(self.pgci.playback_time)
 	def __len__(self):
 		return self.pgci.nr_of_programs
 	def __getitem__(self, key):
 		if key < 0 or key >= len(self):
 			raise IndexError
 		assert key < self.pgci.nr_of_cells, \
 		    'key cannot be mapped from program to cell(%d)' % \
 		    (self.pgci.nr_of_programs, self.pgci.nr_of_cells)
 		# cell is stored starting at 1, adjust to 0
 		cell = uchar_getitem(self.pgci.program_map, key) - 1
 		cell_playback = cell_playback_getitem(self.pgci.cell_playback,
 		    cell)
 		return DVDProgram(self, cell_playback)
 	def __repr__(self):
 		return '<DVDTitle: Chapters: %d, Time: %s>' % (len(self), self.time)
 	def data(self):
 		'''Returns the data in blocks for the title.'''
 		for i in self:
 			for j in i:
 				yield j
 class discid:
 	__slots__ = [ '_discid' ]
 	discid = property(lambda x: x._discid)
 	def __init__(self, discid):
 		self._discid = discid
 	def __str__(self):
 		return ''.join(map(lambda x: '%02x' % ord(x), self.discid))
 	def __repr__(self):
 		return '<DVD ID: %s>' % ''.join(map(lambda x: '%02x' % ord(x), self.discid))
 class DVD:
 	'''Children must keep a reference to this object so that we don't close
 	the dvd before all the files are closed.  This does mean children will
 	need to know the insides of this class, but that is fine since it's all
 	internal to this implementation anyways.'''
 	dvdreader = None	# __del__
 	blocksize = property(lambda x: x._blocksize)
 	volid = property(lambda x: x._volid)
 	volsetid = property(lambda x: x._volsetid)
 	cache = property(lambda x: DVDUDFCacheLevel(x.dvdreader, -1), lambda x, y: DVDUDFCacheLevel(x.dvdreader, bool(y)))
 	def __init__(self, path):
 		self.dvdreader = DVDOpen(path)
 		if self.dvdreader is None:
 			raise ValueError, 'path is not a DVD'
 		self._discidval = None
 		# XXX - this may need to be dynamicly probed
 		self._blocksize = 2048
 		# pull in the volid and volsetid
 		r, volid, volsetid = DVDUDFVolumeInfo(self.dvdreader, 32, 128)
 		if r != 0:
 			self._volid = volid[:volid.index('\x00')].decode('latin-1')
 			self._volsetid = volsetid
 		else:
 			# Fall back to ISO, shouldn't happen as all
 			# DVD's are UDF
 			r, volid, voldsetid = DVDISOVolumeInfo(self.dvdreader, 33, 128)
 			assert r == 0
 			# Techinically more restrictive [A-Z0-9_]
 			self._volid = volid[:volid.index('\x00')].decode('ascii')
 			self._volsetid = volsetid
 		self.vmg = self.getifo(0)
 		self._len = self.vmg.tt_srpt.nr_of_srpts
 	def __del__(self):
 		if self.dvdreader:
 			DVDClose(self.dvdreader)
 		self.dvdreader = None
 	def getifo(self, i):
 		return IFO(self, i)
 	def _discid(self):
 		if self._discidval is not None:
 			return self._discidval
 		buf = malloc_void(16)
 		assert buf, 'buf allocation failed'
 		try:
 			r = DVDDiscID(self.dvdreader, voidptr_to_ucharptr(buf))
 			if r == -1:
 				raise DVDReadError, "failed to compute disc id"
 			self._discidval = discid(cdata(buf, 16))
 			return self._discidval
 		finally:
 			free_void(buf)
 	discid = property(_discid)
 	def __len__(self):
 		return self._len
 	def __getitem__(self, key):
 		if key < 0 or key >= len(self):
 			raise IndexError
 		title = title_info_getitem(self.vmg.tt_srpt.title, key)
 		return DVDTitle(self, title.title_set_nr, title.vts_ttn)
 	def __repr__(self):
 		return '<DVD: %s, ID: %s, Titles: %s>' % (self._volid, self.discid, len(self))
--- a/pydvdread/dvdread.i
+++ b/pydvdread/dvdread.i
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
 // File : dvdread.i
 %module cdvdread
 %include "typemaps.i"
 %include "stdint.i"
 %include "cmalloc.i"
 %include "carrays.i"
 %include "cdata.i"
 %allocators(void);
 %include "cpointer.i"
 %pointer_cast(void *, unsigned char *, voidptr_to_ucharptr);
 typedef long ssize_t;
 typedef long long off_t;
 %{
 #include "dvdread/dvd_reader.h"
 #include "dvdread/ifo_read.h"
 #include "dvdread/nav_read.h"
 %}
 %typemap (in,numinputs=1) (unsigned char *uc128, unsigned int uc128) (unsigned char tempa[128], int tempb) {
 	$1 = tempa;
 	$2 = tempb = PyInt_AsLong($input);
 	if (tempb <= 0 || tempb > 128) {
 		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "int out of range (0,128]");
 		return NULL;
 	}
 }
 %typemap (argout) (unsigned char *uc128, unsigned int uc128) {
 	$result = SWIG_Python_AppendOutput($result, PyString_FromStringAndSize(tempa$argnum, tempb$argnum));
 }
 %typemap (in,numinputs=1) (char *c33, unsigned int c33) (char tempa[33], int tempb) {
 	$1 = tempa;
 	$2 = tempb = PyInt_AsLong($input);
 	if (tempb <= 0 || tempb > 33) {
 		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "int out of range (0,33]");
 		return NULL;
 	}
 }
 %typemap (argout) (char *c33, unsigned int c33) {
 	$result = SWIG_Python_AppendOutput($result, PyString_FromStringAndSize(tempa$argnum, tempb$argnum));
 }
 int DVDUDFVolumeInfo( dvd_reader_t *, char *c33, unsigned int c33,
                      unsigned char *uc128, unsigned int uc128);
 int DVDISOVolumeInfo( dvd_reader_t *, char *c33, unsigned int c33,
                      unsigned char *uc128, unsigned int uc128);
 /* Clear them */
 %typemap (in,numinputs=1) (unsigned char *uc128, unsigned int uc128) (unsigned char tempa[128], int tempb);
 %typemap (argout) (unsigned char *uc128, unsigned int uc128);
 %typemap (in,numinputs=1) (char *c33, unsigned int c33) (char tempa[33], int tempb);
 %typemap (argout) (char *c33, unsigned int c33);
 %include dvdread/dvd_reader.h
 %include dvdread/ifo_read.h
 %include <stdint.h>
 %include dvdread/ifo_types.h
 %array_functions(audio_attr_t, audio_attr)
 %array_functions(cell_playback_t, cell_playback)
 %array_functions(cell_position_t, cell_position)
 %array_functions(map_ent_t, map_ent)
 %array_functions(pgc_program_map_t, pgc_program_map)
 %array_functions(pgci_lu_t, pgci_lu)
 %array_functions(pgci_srp_t, pgci_srp)
 %array_functions(ptt_info_t, ptt_info)
 %array_functions(subp_attr_t, subp_attr)
 %array_functions(title_info_t, title_info)
 %array_functions(ttu_t, ttu)
 %array_functions(txtdt_lu_t, txtdt_lu)
 %array_functions(unsigned char, uchar)
 %array_functions(vm_cmd_t, vm_cmd)
 %array_functions(vts_attributes_t, vts_attributes)
 %array_functions(vts_tmap_t, vts_tmap)
 %include dvdread/nav_read.h
--- a/pydvdread/setup.py
+++ b/pydvdread/setup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 from distutils.core import setup, Extension
 import os.path
 dvdreaddir = '/opt/local'
 dvdreaddirinc = os.path.join(dvdreaddir, 'include') 
 dvdreaddirlib = os.path.join(dvdreaddir, 'lib') 
 setup(name = "pydvdread", version = "0.1",
 	description = "Python libdvdread interface",
 	author = "John-Mark Gurney",
 	author_email = "gurney_j@resnet.uoregon.edu",
 	packages = [ 'pydvdread' ],
 	package_dir = { 'pydvdread': '.' },
 	ext_package = "pydvdread",
 	ext_modules = [ Extension("_cdvdread", [ "dvdread.i" ],
 			swig_opts = [ '-I/usr/include', '-I%s' % dvdreaddirinc ],
 			include_dirs = [ dvdreaddirinc, '/usr/include' ],
 			library_dirs = [ dvdreaddirlib, ],
 			libraries = [ 'dvdread' ]),
 		]
 )
--- a/pydvdread/test.py
+++ b/pydvdread/test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 import pydvdread
 import sys
 def bcdtoint(bcd):
 	base = 1
 	ret = 0
 	while bcd:
 		assert bcd % 16 < 10, 'invalid bcd digit in: %#x' % bcd
 		ret += bcd % 16 * base
 		base *= 10
 		bcd /= 16
 	return ret
 def strdvdtime(tobj):
 	return '%x:%02x:%02x.%02x' % (tobj.hour, tobj.minute, tobj.second,
 		    tobj.frame_u & 0x3f)
 def dumppgc(j):
 	print 'nr_of_progs:', j.nr_of_programs
 	print 'nr_of_cells:', j.nr_of_cells
 	print 'time:', strdvdtime(j.playback_time)
 	for k in range(j.nr_of_programs):
 		print 'program_map[%d]:' % k, pydvdread.uchar_getitem(
 		    j.program_map, k)
 	for k in range(j.nr_of_cells):
 		l = pydvdread.cell_playback_getitem(j.cell_playback, k)
 		print 'cell_playback[%d]:' % k, '%d-%d' % (l.first_sector,
 		    l.last_sector), strdvdtime(l.playback_time)
 try:
 	dvd = pydvdread.DVD('/dev/null')
 except ValueError:
 	pass
 except:
 	assert 0, 'Failed to fail.'
 dvd = pydvdread.DVD('/dev/rdisk1')
 print dvd, ', '.join(map(repr, dvd))
 try:
 	print `dvd[(5, 5)]`
 except IndexError:
 	pass
 except:
 	assert 0, 'Failed to fail.'
 print 'vmg'
 ifo = dvd.getifo(0)
 assert ifo.txtdt_mgi is None
 print 'ifo:', `ifo`
 print '# vts:', ifo.vmgi_mat.vmg_nr_of_title_sets
 print 'provider:', `ifo.vmgi_mat.provider_identifier`
 print 'nr_of_srpts:', ifo.tt_srpt.nr_of_srpts
 for i in range(ifo.tt_srpt.nr_of_srpts):
 	print `ifo.tt_srpt.title`
 	j = pydvdread.title_info_getitem(ifo.tt_srpt.title, i)
 	print 'playbacktype:', j.pb_ty.multi_or_random_pgc_title, j.pb_ty.jlc_exists_in_cell_cmd, j.pb_ty.jlc_exists_in_prepost_cmd, j.pb_ty.jlc_exists_in_button_cmd, j.pb_ty.jlc_exists_in_tt_dom, j.pb_ty.chapter_search_or_play, j.pb_ty.title_or_time_play
 	print '# angles:', j.nr_of_angles
 	print '# ptts:', j.nr_of_ptts
 	print 'parental id:', j.parental_id
 	print 'title set #:', j.title_set_nr
 	print 'vts ttn:', j.vts_ttn
 for ifonum in range(ifo.vmgi_mat.vmg_nr_of_title_sets):
 	print 'vts'
 	ifo = dvd.getifo(1 + ifonum)
 	print 'ifo:', `ifo`
 	print dir(ifo)
 	print '# of srpts:', ifo.vts_ptt_srpt.nr_of_srpts
 	for i in range(ifo.vts_ptt_srpt.nr_of_srpts):
 		print 'title #:', i
 		j = pydvdread.ttu_getitem(ifo.vts_ptt_srpt.title, i)
 		print '# of ptts:', j.nr_of_ptts
 		for i in range(j.nr_of_ptts):
 			k = pydvdread.ptt_info_getitem(j.ptt, i)
 			print 'pgcn:', k.pgcn
 			print 'pgn:', k.pgn
 	print 'pgc:', `ifo.vts_pgcit.nr_of_pgci_srp`
 	for i in range(ifo.vts_pgcit.nr_of_pgci_srp):
 		dumppgc(pydvdread.pgci_srp_getitem(ifo.vts_pgcit.pgci_srp, i).pgc)