diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 1388c04..858d122 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ HEADERS= Makefile $(shell find src test -name "*.h") $(BUILD_OBJ)/timestamp
 HEADERSXX = $(HEADERS) $(shell find . -name "*.hxx") 
 
 # components needed by the lib
-LIBCOMPONENTS = $(BUILD_OBJ)/utils.o $(BUILD_OBJ)/shake.o $(BUILD_OBJ)/decaf_crypto.o # and per-field components
+LIBCOMPONENTS = $(BUILD_OBJ)/utils.o $(BUILD_OBJ)/shake.o $(BUILD_OBJ)/decaf_crypto_255.o $(BUILD_OBJ)/decaf_crypto_448.o # and per-field components
 
 BENCHCOMPONENTS = $(BUILD_OBJ)/bench.o $(BUILD_OBJ)/shake.o
 
diff --git a/src/decaf_crypto.c b/src/decaf_crypto_255.c
similarity index 98%
rename from src/decaf_crypto.c
rename to src/decaf_crypto_255.c
index dc4e523..2647541 100644
--- a/src/decaf_crypto.c
+++ b/src/decaf_crypto_255.c
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 /**
  * @cond internal
- * @file decaf_crypto.c
+ * @file decaf_crypto_255.c
  * @copyright
  *   Copyright (c) 2015 Cryptography Research, Inc.  \n
  *   Released under the MIT License.  See LICENSE.txt for license information.
  * @author Mike Hamburg
- * @brief Example Decaf cyrpto routines.
+ * @brief Example Decaf crypto routines, 255-bit version.
  */
 
-#include <decaf/crypto.h>
+#include <decaf/crypto_255.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
 static const unsigned int DECAF_255_SCALAR_OVERKILL_BYTES = DECAF_255_SCALAR_BYTES + 8;
diff --git a/src/decaf_crypto_448.c b/src/decaf_crypto_448.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..111f4a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/decaf_crypto_448.c
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+/**
+ * @cond internal
+ * @file decaf_crypto_448.c
+ * @copyright
+ *   Copyright (c) 2015 Cryptography Research, Inc.  \n
+ *   Released under the MIT License.  See LICENSE.txt for license information.
+ * @author Mike Hamburg
+ * @brief Example Decaf crypto routines, 448-bit version
+ * @todo TODO don't copy-paste.
+ */
+
+#include <decaf/crypto_448.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+static const unsigned int DECAF_448_SCALAR_OVERKILL_BYTES = DECAF_448_SCALAR_BYTES + 8;
+
+void decaf_448_derive_private_key (
+    decaf_448_private_key_t priv,
+    const decaf_448_symmetric_key_t proto
+) {
+    const char *magic = "decaf::derive_448_private_key"; /* TODO: canonicalize and freeze */
+    uint8_t encoded_scalar[DECAF_448_SCALAR_OVERKILL_BYTES];
+    decaf_448_point_t pub;
+    
+    keccak_strobe_t strobe;
+    strobe_init(strobe, &STROBE_256, magic, 0);
+    strobe_key(strobe, proto, sizeof(decaf_448_symmetric_key_t));
+    strobe_prng(strobe, encoded_scalar, sizeof(encoded_scalar));
+    strobe_destroy(strobe);
+    
+    memcpy(priv->sym, proto, sizeof(decaf_448_symmetric_key_t));
+    decaf_448_scalar_decode_long(priv->secret_scalar, encoded_scalar, sizeof(encoded_scalar));
+    
+    decaf_448_precomputed_scalarmul(pub, decaf_448_precomputed_base, priv->secret_scalar);
+    decaf_448_point_encode(priv->pub, pub);
+    
+    decaf_bzero(encoded_scalar, sizeof(encoded_scalar));
+}
+
+void
+decaf_448_destroy_private_key (
+    decaf_448_private_key_t priv
+)  {
+    decaf_bzero((void*)priv, sizeof(decaf_448_private_key_t));
+}
+
+void decaf_448_private_to_public (
+    decaf_448_public_key_t pub,
+    const decaf_448_private_key_t priv
+) {
+    memcpy(pub, priv->pub, sizeof(decaf_448_public_key_t));
+}
+
+static const uint16_t SHARED_SECRET_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE = 1<<12; /* TODO: standardize and freeze */
+
+decaf_error_t
+decaf_448_shared_secret (
+    uint8_t *shared,
+    size_t shared_bytes,
+    const decaf_448_private_key_t my_privkey,
+    const decaf_448_public_key_t your_pubkey,
+    int me_first
+) {
+    const char *magic = "decaf::decaf_448_shared_secret"; /* TODO: canonicalize and freeze */
+    keccak_strobe_t strobe;
+    strobe_init(strobe, &STROBE_256, magic, 0);
+    
+    uint8_t ss_ser[DECAF_448_SER_BYTES];
+    
+    if (me_first) {
+        strobe_ad(strobe,my_privkey->pub,sizeof(decaf_448_public_key_t));
+        strobe_ad(strobe,your_pubkey,sizeof(decaf_448_public_key_t));
+    } else {
+        strobe_ad(strobe,your_pubkey,sizeof(decaf_448_public_key_t));
+        strobe_ad(strobe,my_privkey->pub,sizeof(decaf_448_public_key_t));
+    }
+    decaf_error_t ret = decaf_448_direct_scalarmul(
+        ss_ser, your_pubkey, my_privkey->secret_scalar, DECAF_FALSE, DECAF_TRUE
+    );
+    
+    strobe_transact(strobe,NULL,ss_ser,sizeof(ss_ser),STROBE_CW_DH_KEY);
+    
+    while (shared_bytes) {
+        uint16_t cando = (shared_bytes > SHARED_SECRET_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE)
+                       ? SHARED_SECRET_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE : shared_bytes;
+        strobe_prng(strobe,shared,cando);
+        shared_bytes -= cando;
+        shared += cando;
+    }
+
+    strobe_destroy(strobe);
+    decaf_bzero(ss_ser, sizeof(ss_ser));
+    
+    return ret;
+}
+
+void
+decaf_448_sign_strobe (
+    keccak_strobe_t strobe,
+    decaf_448_signature_t sig,
+    const decaf_448_private_key_t priv
+) {
+    uint8_t overkill[DECAF_448_SCALAR_OVERKILL_BYTES];
+    decaf_448_point_t point;
+    decaf_448_scalar_t nonce, challenge;
+    
+    /* Stir pubkey */
+    strobe_transact(strobe,NULL,priv->pub,sizeof(decaf_448_public_key_t),STROBE_CW_SIG_PK);
+    
+    /* Derive nonce */
+    keccak_strobe_t strobe2;
+    memcpy(strobe2,strobe,sizeof(strobe2));
+    strobe_key(strobe2,priv->sym,sizeof(decaf_448_symmetric_key_t));
+    strobe_prng(strobe2,overkill,sizeof(overkill));
+    strobe_destroy(strobe2);
+    
+    decaf_448_scalar_decode_long(nonce, overkill, sizeof(overkill));
+    decaf_448_precomputed_scalarmul(point, decaf_448_precomputed_base, nonce);
+    decaf_448_point_encode(sig, point);
+    
+
+    /* Derive challenge */
+    strobe_transact(strobe,NULL,sig,DECAF_448_SER_BYTES,STROBE_CW_SIG_EPH);
+    strobe_transact(strobe,overkill,NULL,sizeof(overkill),STROBE_CW_SIG_CHAL);
+    decaf_448_scalar_decode_long(challenge, overkill, sizeof(overkill));
+    
+    /* Respond */
+    decaf_448_scalar_mul(challenge, challenge, priv->secret_scalar);
+    decaf_448_scalar_sub(nonce, nonce, challenge);
+    
+    /* Save results */
+    decaf_448_scalar_encode(overkill, nonce);
+    strobe_transact(strobe,&sig[DECAF_448_SER_BYTES],overkill,DECAF_448_SCALAR_BYTES,STROBE_CW_SIG_RESP);
+    
+    /* Clean up */
+    decaf_448_scalar_destroy(nonce);
+    decaf_448_scalar_destroy(challenge);
+    decaf_bzero(overkill,sizeof(overkill));
+}
+
+decaf_error_t
+decaf_448_verify_strobe (
+    keccak_strobe_t strobe,
+    const decaf_448_signature_t sig,
+    const decaf_448_public_key_t pub
+) {
+    decaf_bool_t ret;
+    
+    uint8_t overkill[DECAF_448_SCALAR_OVERKILL_BYTES];
+    decaf_448_point_t point, pubpoint;
+    decaf_448_scalar_t challenge, response;
+    
+    /* Stir pubkey */
+    strobe_transact(strobe,NULL,pub,sizeof(decaf_448_public_key_t),STROBE_CW_SIG_PK);
+    
+    /* Derive nonce */
+    strobe_transact(strobe,NULL,sig,DECAF_448_SER_BYTES,STROBE_CW_SIG_EPH);
+    ret = decaf_successful( decaf_448_point_decode(point, sig, DECAF_TRUE) );
+    
+    /* Derive challenge */
+    strobe_transact(strobe,overkill,NULL,sizeof(overkill),STROBE_CW_SIG_CHAL);
+    decaf_448_scalar_decode_long(challenge, overkill, sizeof(overkill));
+    
+    /* Decode response */
+    strobe_transact(strobe,overkill,&sig[DECAF_448_SER_BYTES],DECAF_448_SCALAR_BYTES,STROBE_CW_SIG_RESP);
+    ret &= decaf_successful( decaf_448_scalar_decode(response, overkill) );
+    ret &= decaf_successful( decaf_448_point_decode(pubpoint, pub, DECAF_FALSE) );
+
+    decaf_448_base_double_scalarmul_non_secret (
+        pubpoint, response, pubpoint, challenge
+    );
+
+    ret &= decaf_448_point_eq(pubpoint, point);
+    
+    /* Nothing here is secret, so don't do these things:
+        decaf_bzero(overkill,sizeof(overkill));
+        decaf_448_point_destroy(point);
+        decaf_448_point_destroy(pubpoint);
+        decaf_448_scalar_destroy(challenge);
+        decaf_448_scalar_destroy(response);
+    */
+    
+    return decaf_succeed_if(ret);
+}
+
+void
+decaf_448_sign (
+    decaf_448_signature_t sig,
+    const decaf_448_private_key_t priv,
+    const unsigned char *message,
+    size_t message_len
+) {
+    keccak_strobe_t ctx;
+    strobe_init(ctx,&STROBE_256,"decaf::decaf_448_sign",0); /* TODO: canonicalize and freeze */
+    strobe_transact(ctx, NULL, message, message_len, STROBE_CW_STREAMING_PLAINTEXT);
+    decaf_448_sign_strobe(ctx, sig, priv);
+    strobe_destroy(ctx);
+}
+
+decaf_error_t
+decaf_448_verify (
+    const decaf_448_signature_t sig,
+    const decaf_448_public_key_t pub,
+    const unsigned char *message,
+    size_t message_len
+) {
+    keccak_strobe_t ctx;
+    strobe_init(ctx,&STROBE_256,"decaf::decaf_448_sign",0); /* TODO: canonicalize and freeze */
+    strobe_transact(ctx, NULL, message, message_len, STROBE_CW_STREAMING_PLAINTEXT);
+    decaf_error_t ret = decaf_448_verify_strobe(ctx, sig, pub);
+    strobe_destroy(ctx);
+    return ret;
+}
diff --git a/src/public_include/decaf/crypto.hxx b/src/public_include/decaf/crypto.hxx
index c799a06..c9efb1d 100644
--- a/src/public_include/decaf/crypto.hxx
+++ b/src/public_include/decaf/crypto.hxx
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
  *   Copyright (c) 2015 Cryptography Research, Inc.  \n
  *   Released under the MIT License.  See LICENSE.txt for license information.
  *
- * @brief Example cryptography using Decaf
+ * @brief Example cryptography using Decaf.
+ * @warning FIXME: this is out of sync with crypto_*.h
  */
 #ifndef __DECAF_CRYPTO_HXX__
 #define __DECAF_CRYPTO_HXX__ 1
diff --git a/src/public_include/decaf/crypto.h b/src/public_include/decaf/crypto_255.h
similarity index 97%
rename from src/public_include/decaf/crypto.h
rename to src/public_include/decaf/crypto_255.h
index 8723cca..5f877af 100644
--- a/src/public_include/decaf/crypto.h
+++ b/src/public_include/decaf/crypto_255.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * @file decaf/crypto.h
+ * @file decaf/crypto_255.h
  * @copyright
  *   Copyright (c) 2015 Cryptography Research, Inc.  \n
  *   Released under the MIT License.  See LICENSE.txt for license information.
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@
  * @warning Experimental!  The names, parameter orders etc are likely to change.
  */
 
-#ifndef __DECAF_CRYPTO_H__
-#define __DECAF_CRYPTO_H__ 1
+#ifndef __DECAF_CRYPTO_255_H__
+#define __DECAF_CRYPTO_255_H__ 1
 
-#include <decaf.h>
+#include <decaf/decaf_255.h>
 #include <decaf/shake.h>
 
 /** Number of bytes for a symmetric key (expanded to full key) */
@@ -188,6 +188,6 @@ decaf_255_verify (
 } /* extern "C" */
 #endif
 
-#endif /* __DECAF_CRYPTO_H__ */
+#endif /* __DECAF_CRYPTO_255_H__ */
 
 
diff --git a/src/public_include/decaf/crypto_448.h b/src/public_include/decaf/crypto_448.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6890df3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/public_include/decaf/crypto_448.h
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+/**
+ * @file decaf/crypto_448.h
+ * @copyright
+ *   Copyright (c) 2015 Cryptography Research, Inc.  \n
+ *   Released under the MIT License.  See LICENSE.txt for license information.
+ * @author Mike Hamburg
+ * @brief Example Decaf cyrpto routines.
+ * @warning These are merely examples, though they ought to be secure.  But real
+ * protocols will decide differently on magic numbers, formats, which items to
+ * hash, etc.
+ * @warning Experimental!  The names, parameter orders etc are likely to change.
+ */
+
+#ifndef __DECAF_CRYPTO_448_H__
+#define __DECAF_CRYPTO_448_H__ 1
+
+#include <decaf/decaf_448.h>
+#include <decaf/shake.h>
+
+/** Number of bytes for a symmetric key (expanded to full key) */
+#define DECAF_448_SYMMETRIC_KEY_BYTES 32
+
+/** @cond internal */
+#define API_VIS __attribute__((visibility("default"))) __attribute__((noinline)) // TODO: synergize with decaf.h
+#define WARN_UNUSED __attribute__((warn_unused_result))
+#define NONNULL1 __attribute__((nonnull(1)))
+#define NONNULL2 __attribute__((nonnull(1,2)))
+#define NONNULL3 __attribute__((nonnull(1,2,3)))
+#define NONNULL134 __attribute__((nonnull(1,3,4)))
+#define NONNULL5 __attribute__((nonnull(1,2,3,4,5)))
+/** @endcond */
+
+/** A symmetric key, the compressed point of a private key. */
+typedef unsigned char decaf_448_symmetric_key_t[DECAF_448_SYMMETRIC_KEY_BYTES];
+
+/** An encoded public key. */
+typedef unsigned char decaf_448_public_key_t[DECAF_448_SER_BYTES];
+
+/** A signature. */
+typedef unsigned char decaf_448_signature_t[DECAF_448_SER_BYTES + DECAF_448_SCALAR_BYTES];
+
+typedef struct {
+    /** @cond intetrnal */
+    /** The symmetric key from which everything is expanded */
+    decaf_448_symmetric_key_t sym;
+    
+    /** The scalar x */
+    decaf_448_scalar_t secret_scalar;
+    
+    /** x*Base */
+    decaf_448_public_key_t pub;
+    /** @endcond */
+} /** Private key structure for pointers. */
+  decaf_448_private_key_s,
+  /** A private key (gmp array[1] style). */
+  decaf_448_private_key_t[1];
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+    
+/**
+ * @brief Derive a key from its compressed form.
+ * @param [out] priv The derived private key.
+ * @param [in] proto The compressed or proto-key, which must be 32 random bytes.
+ */
+void decaf_448_derive_private_key (
+    decaf_448_private_key_t priv,
+    const decaf_448_symmetric_key_t proto
+) NONNULL2 API_VIS;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Destroy a private key.
+ */
+void decaf_448_destroy_private_key (
+    decaf_448_private_key_t priv
+) NONNULL1 API_VIS;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Convert a private key to a public one.
+ * @param [out] pub The extracted private key.
+ * @param [in] priv The private key.
+ */
+void decaf_448_private_to_public (
+    decaf_448_public_key_t pub,
+    const decaf_448_private_key_t priv
+) NONNULL2 API_VIS;
+    
+/**
+ * @brief Compute a Diffie-Hellman shared secret.
+ *
+ * This is an example routine; real protocols would use something
+ * protocol-specific.
+ *
+ * @param [out] shared A buffer to store the shared secret.
+ * @param [in] shared_bytes The size of the buffer.
+ * @param [in] my_privkey My private key.
+ * @param [in] your_pubkey Your public key.
+ * @param [in] me_first Direction flag to break symmetry.
+ *
+ * @retval DECAF_SUCCESS Key exchange was successful.
+ * @retval DECAF_FAILURE Key exchange failed.
+ */
+decaf_error_t
+decaf_448_shared_secret (
+    uint8_t *shared,
+    size_t shared_bytes,
+    const decaf_448_private_key_t my_privkey,
+    const decaf_448_public_key_t your_pubkey,
+    int me_first
+) NONNULL134 WARN_UNUSED API_VIS;
+   
+/**
+ * @brief Sign a message from a STROBE context.
+ *
+ * @param [out] sig The signature.
+ * @param [in] priv Your private key.
+ * @param [in] strobe A STROBE context with the message.
+ */ 
+void
+decaf_448_sign_strobe (
+    keccak_strobe_t strobe,
+    decaf_448_signature_t sig,
+    const decaf_448_private_key_t priv
+) NONNULL3 API_VIS;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Sign a message.
+ *
+ * @param [out] sig The signature.
+ * @param [in] priv Your private key.
+ * @param [in] message The message.
+ * @param [in] message_len The message's length.
+ */ 
+void
+decaf_448_sign (
+    decaf_448_signature_t sig,
+    const decaf_448_private_key_t priv,
+    const unsigned char *message,
+    size_t message_len
+) NONNULL3 API_VIS;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Verify a signed message from its STROBE context.
+ *
+ * @param [in] sig The signature.
+ * @param [in] pub The public key.
+ * @param [in] strobe A STROBE context with the message.
+ *
+ * @return DECAF_SUCCESS The signature verified successfully.
+ * @return DECAF_FAILURE The signature did not verify successfully.
+ */    
+decaf_error_t
+decaf_448_verify_strobe (
+    keccak_strobe_t strobe,
+    const decaf_448_signature_t sig,
+    const decaf_448_public_key_t pub
+) NONNULL3 API_VIS WARN_UNUSED;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Verify a signed message.
+ *
+ * @param [in] sig The signature.
+ * @param [in] pub The public key.
+ * @param [in] message The message.
+ * @param [in] message_len The message's length.
+ *
+ * @return DECAF_SUCCESS The signature verified successfully.
+ * @return DECAF_FAILURE The signature did not verify successfully.
+ */    
+decaf_error_t
+decaf_448_verify (
+    const decaf_448_signature_t sig,
+    const decaf_448_public_key_t pub,
+    const unsigned char *message,
+    size_t message_len
+) NONNULL3 API_VIS WARN_UNUSED;
+    
+#undef API_VIS
+#undef WARN_UNUSED
+#undef NONNULL1
+#undef NONNULL2
+#undef NONNULL3
+#undef NONNULL134
+#undef NONNULL5
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+} /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+#endif /* __DECAF_CRYPTO_448_H__ */
+
+
diff --git a/src/shake.c b/src/shake.c
index ac4a9a4..a5fa91c 100644
--- a/src/shake.c
+++ b/src/shake.c
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ void strobe_transact (
         
         uint32_t len = sponge->params->rate - sponge->params->position;
         if (len < STROBE_FORGET_BYTES + len_cw) len += sponge->params->rate;
-        len -= len_cw;
+        len -= len_cw; /* HACK */
         
         if (cw_flags & STROBE_FLAG_NO_LENGTH) len = 2*STROBE_FORGET_BYTES;
         
diff --git a/test/bench_decaf.cxx b/test/bench_decaf.cxx
index e27cee2..a64d9f3 100644
--- a/test/bench_decaf.cxx
+++ b/test/bench_decaf.cxx
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
 
 #include <decaf.hxx>
 #include <decaf/shake.hxx>
-#include <decaf/crypto.h>
+#include <decaf/crypto_255.h>
+#include <decaf/crypto_448.h>
 #include <decaf/crypto.hxx>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
@@ -374,13 +375,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     bool micro = false;
     if (argc >= 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "--micro"))
         micro = true;
-    
-    decaf_255_public_key_t p1,p2;
-    decaf_255_private_key_t s1,s2;
+
     decaf_255_symmetric_key_t r1,r2;
-    decaf_255_signature_t sig1;
-    unsigned char ss[32];
-    
     memset(r1,1,sizeof(r1));
     memset(r2,2,sizeof(r2)); 
     
@@ -421,32 +417,72 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
         Benches<Ed448Goldilocks>::micro();
     }
 
-    /* TODO: 255->448 */
-    printf("\nMacro-benchmarks:\n");
-    for (Benchmark b("Keygen"); b.iter(); ) {
-        decaf_255_derive_private_key(s1,r1);
-    }
+    {
+        decaf_255_public_key_t p1,p2;
+        decaf_255_private_key_t s1,s2;
+        decaf_255_signature_t sig1;
+        unsigned char ss[32];
+    
+        printf("\nMacro-benchmarks for IsoEd25519:\n");
+        for (Benchmark b("Keygen"); b.iter(); ) {
+            decaf_255_derive_private_key(s1,r1);
+        }
     
-    decaf_255_private_to_public(p1,s1);
-    decaf_255_derive_private_key(s2,r2);
-    decaf_255_private_to_public(p2,s2);
+        decaf_255_private_to_public(p1,s1);
+        decaf_255_derive_private_key(s2,r2);
+        decaf_255_private_to_public(p2,s2);
     
-    for (Benchmark b("Shared secret"); b.iter(); ) {
-        decaf_bool_t ret = decaf_255_shared_secret(ss,sizeof(ss),s1,p2,1);
-        ignore_result(ret);
-        assert(ret);
-    }
+        for (Benchmark b("Shared secret"); b.iter(); ) {
+            decaf_bool_t ret = decaf_255_shared_secret(ss,sizeof(ss),s1,p2,1);
+            ignore_result(ret);
+            assert(ret);
+        }
+    
+        for (Benchmark b("Sign"); b.iter(); ) {
+            decaf_255_sign(sig1,s1,umessage,lmessage);
+        }
     
-    for (Benchmark b("Sign"); b.iter(); ) {
-        decaf_255_sign(sig1,s1,umessage,lmessage);
+        for (Benchmark b("Verify"); b.iter(); ) {
+            decaf_bool_t ret = decaf_255_verify(sig1,p1,umessage,lmessage);
+            rng.read(Buffer(umessage,lmessage));
+            // umessage[0]++;
+            // umessage[1]^=umessage[0];
+            ignore_result(ret);
+        }
     }
+
+    {
+        decaf_448_public_key_t p1,p2;
+        decaf_448_private_key_t s1,s2;
+        decaf_448_signature_t sig1;
+        unsigned char ss[32];
+    
+        printf("\nMacro-benchmarks for Ed448-Goldilocks:\n");
+        for (Benchmark b("Keygen"); b.iter(); ) {
+            decaf_448_derive_private_key(s1,r1);
+        }
     
-    for (Benchmark b("Verify"); b.iter(); ) {
-        decaf_bool_t ret = decaf_255_verify(sig1,p1,umessage,lmessage);
-        rng.read(Buffer(umessage,lmessage));
-        // umessage[0]++;
-        // umessage[1]^=umessage[0];
-        ignore_result(ret);
+        decaf_448_private_to_public(p1,s1);
+        decaf_448_derive_private_key(s2,r2);
+        decaf_448_private_to_public(p2,s2);
+    
+        for (Benchmark b("Shared secret"); b.iter(); ) {
+            decaf_bool_t ret = decaf_448_shared_secret(ss,sizeof(ss),s1,p2,1);
+            ignore_result(ret);
+            assert(ret);
+        }
+    
+        for (Benchmark b("Sign"); b.iter(); ) {
+            decaf_448_sign(sig1,s1,umessage,lmessage);
+        }
+    
+        for (Benchmark b("Verify"); b.iter(); ) {
+            decaf_bool_t ret = decaf_448_verify(sig1,p1,umessage,lmessage);
+            rng.read(Buffer(umessage,lmessage));
+            // umessage[0]++;
+            // umessage[1]^=umessage[0];
+            ignore_result(ret);
+        }
     }
     
     Benches<IsoEd25519>::macro();
diff --git a/test/test_decaf.cxx b/test/test_decaf.cxx
index 1e7a1f5..b163235 100644
--- a/test/test_decaf.cxx
+++ b/test/test_decaf.cxx
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
 
 #include <decaf.hxx>
 #include <decaf/shake.hxx>
-#include <decaf/crypto.h>
+#include <decaf/crypto_255.h>
+#include <decaf/crypto_448.h>
 #include <decaf/crypto.hxx>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
@@ -341,8 +342,7 @@ static void test_crypto() {
 
 }; // template<GroupId GROUP>
 
-// TODO cross-field
-static void test_decaf() {
+static void test_decaf_255() {
     Test test("Sample crypto");
     SpongeRng rng(Block("test_decaf"));
 
@@ -376,6 +376,41 @@ static void test_decaf() {
     }
 }
 
+/* TODO: don't copy-paste */
+static void test_decaf_448() {
+    Test test("Sample crypto");
+    SpongeRng rng(Block("test_decaf"));
+
+    decaf_448_symmetric_key_t proto1,proto2;
+    decaf_448_private_key_t s1,s2;
+    decaf_448_public_key_t p1,p2;
+    decaf_448_signature_t sig;
+    unsigned char shared1[1234],shared2[1234];
+    const char *message = "Hello, world!";
+
+    for (int i=0; i<NTESTS && test.passing_now; i++) {
+        rng.read(Buffer(proto1,sizeof(proto1)));
+        rng.read(Buffer(proto2,sizeof(proto2)));
+        decaf_448_derive_private_key(s1,proto1);
+        decaf_448_private_to_public(p1,s1);
+        decaf_448_derive_private_key(s2,proto2);
+        decaf_448_private_to_public(p2,s2);
+        if (DECAF_SUCCESS != decaf_448_shared_secret (shared1,sizeof(shared1),s1,p2,0)) {
+            test.fail(); printf("Fail ss12\n");
+        }
+        if (DECAF_SUCCESS != decaf_448_shared_secret (shared2,sizeof(shared2),s2,p1,1)) {
+            test.fail(); printf("Fail ss21\n");
+        }
+        if (memcmp(shared1,shared2,sizeof(shared1))) {
+            test.fail(); printf("Fail ss21 == ss12\n");   
+        }
+        decaf_448_sign (sig,s1,(const unsigned char *)message,strlen(message));
+        if (DECAF_SUCCESS != decaf_448_verify (sig,p1,(const unsigned char *)message,strlen(message))) {
+            test.fail(); printf("Fail sig ver\n");   
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     (void) argc; (void) argv;
     
@@ -384,7 +419,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     Tests<IsoEd25519>::test_elligator();
     Tests<IsoEd25519>::test_ec();
     Tests<IsoEd25519>::test_crypto();
-    test_decaf();
+    test_decaf_255();
     
     printf("\n");
     printf("Testing %s:\n", Ed448Goldilocks::name());
@@ -392,6 +427,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     Tests<Ed448Goldilocks>::test_elligator();
     Tests<Ed448Goldilocks>::test_ec();
     Tests<Ed448Goldilocks>::test_crypto();
+    test_decaf_448();
     
     if (passing) printf("Passed all tests.\n");